the resolution: edwin hubble (1889-1953) measured …the resolution: edwin hubble (1889-1953) •...
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![Page 1: The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) Measured …The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) • Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda • Calculated the distance using the](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070215/6117fd04d7e61240a9441710/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953)
• Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda
• Calculated the distance using the Period-Luminosity Relation for Cepheid Variable Stars
Measured Distance to Andromeda Galaxy (M31)
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The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953)
• Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda
• Calculated the distance using the Period-Luminosity Relation for Cepheid Variable Stars
1. MEASURED magnitude & Period
Measured Distance to Andromeda Galaxy (M31)
![Page 3: The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) Measured …The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) • Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda • Calculated the distance using the](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070215/6117fd04d7e61240a9441710/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953)
• Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda
• Calculated the distance using the Period-Luminosity Relation for Cepheid Variable Stars
1. MEASURED magnitude & Period
2. CALCULATED Luminosity
Measured Distance to Andromeda Galaxy (M31)
![Page 4: The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) Measured …The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) • Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda • Calculated the distance using the](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070215/6117fd04d7e61240a9441710/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953)
• Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda
• Calculated the distance using the Period-Luminosity Relation for Cepheid Variable Stars
1. MEASURED magnitude & Period
2. CALCULATED Luminosity 3. CALCULATED Distance
Measured Distance to Andromeda Galaxy (M31)
![Page 5: The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) Measured …The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) • Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda • Calculated the distance using the](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070215/6117fd04d7e61240a9441710/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953)
• Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda
• Calculated the distance using the Period-Luminosity Relation for Cepheid Variable Stars
1. MEASURED magnitude & Period
2. CALCULATED Luminosity 3. CALCULATED Distance
Measured Distance to Andromeda Galaxy (M31)
• Result was MUCH farther than expected...• (2.3 Million Ly - well beyond Milky Way)
![Page 6: The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) Measured …The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) • Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda • Calculated the distance using the](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070215/6117fd04d7e61240a9441710/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Henrietta Leavitt & Period-Luminosity Relation
Cepheid Variables:Bright stars whose
Luminosity (energy output) varies every few days
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Henrietta Leavitt & Period-Luminosity Relation
Cepheid Variables:Bright stars whose
Luminosity (energy output) varies every few days
Period-Luminosity Relation
![Page 8: The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) Measured …The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) • Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda • Calculated the distance using the](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070215/6117fd04d7e61240a9441710/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
•Obtained ____ Spectra of Galaxies
The Resolution: Vesto Slipher (1875-1969)
![Page 9: The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) Measured …The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) • Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda • Calculated the distance using the](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070215/6117fd04d7e61240a9441710/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
•Obtained ____ Spectra of Galaxies
•Found that Galaxy spectra are REDSHIFTED
The Resolution: Vesto Slipher (1875-1969)
![Page 10: The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) Measured …The Resolution: Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) • Noticed individual bright stars in Andromeda • Calculated the distance using the](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070215/6117fd04d7e61240a9441710/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
•Obtained ____ Spectra of Galaxies
•Found that Galaxy spectra are REDSHIFTED
•Used redshift to calculate ________?
The Resolution: Vesto Slipher (1875-1969)
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Redshift: Calculating Velocity
• Relationship between red/blue shift and the velocity:
• c = speed of light, • λ is the “at rest” wavelength• Δλ is wavelength shift
Δλ v λ c=REDSHIFT (Z) =
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REDSHIFT
Redshift shows up as shifted absorption or emission lines in galaxy spectra
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REDSHIFT
Redshift shows up as shifted absorption or
emission lines in galaxy spectra
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REDSHIFT
Redshift shows up as shifted absorption or
emission lines in galaxy spectra
What part of the EM spectrum would you expect to see high z galaxies?
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The most distant galaxies are detected only in the infrared!
Blue Yellow Red IR
Redshift vs. distance
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Expansion of the Universe: Cosmological Redshift
Distant galaxy redshifts caused by the “stretching” of light waves as space itself is expanding!
Cosmological Redshift is slightly different from Doppler shift (why?)
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Hubble found that recession velocity of galaxies is proportional to their distance away from us...
Hubble’s Law & Hubble Diagram
(km/s)
(Mly)
v = H0 * d
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Hubble found that recession velocity of galaxies is proportional to their distance away from us...
Hubble’s Law & Hubble Diagram
(km/s)
(Mly)
v = H0 * d
...implying that the Universe is expanding!!
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Hubble’s Law: The Age of the Universe
Hubble’s law also implies that the Universe has a finite age!
Age = 1/H0
(km/s)
(Mly)
v = H0 * d