the respiratory system
DESCRIPTION
The Respiratory System. SBI 3U January 14 th , 2013. The Respiratory System. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its external environment Respiratory system : supplies oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide CO 2 and breathing rate. More Respiratory Functions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Respiratory SystemSBI 3U
January 14th, 2013
The Respiratory SystemExchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an
organism and its external environmentRespiratory system: supplies oxygen to cells and
removes carbon dioxideCO 2 and breathing rate
More Respiratory FunctionsDefends body against foreign pathogensControls pH levelsProduces sounds for speakingHelps maintain homeostasis
Components of RespirationVentilation or breathingInhalation and exhalationLungs: specialized structures for respiration (large surface area)
Components of RespirationExternal RespirationExchange of gases across the respiratory
surface between air sacs or alveoli and the blood
Respiratory surface – where oxygen diffuses into organism and CO2 diffuses out
Components of RespirationInternal RespirationExchange of gases between the blood in
capillaries and individual cells in the tissuesOxygen diffuses out of blood and CO2
diffuses in
Components of RespirationOccurs in the mitochondriaGlucose as fuel
Anatomy of Respiratory SystemUpside down tree!Begins with nasal cavity and ends at alveoliConsists of: nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, smaller conducting passageways, and lungs
Nasal and Oral Cavities21% of every air inhalation is oxygenInhalation from mouth vs. noseNasal cavity: lined with mucus-secreting
cells; helps to moisten and filter incoming airOral cavity
The PharynxPharynx: common path for both air and foodTrachea/epiglottisLarynx at top of trachea
The LarynxAdam’s appleProduces soundVocal chords: two highly elastic folds inside
larynx
The TracheaWindpipeAllows air to pass from pharynx into lungsTough, flexible, c-shaped cartilage rings
surrounds the trachea
Respiratory Structures Within the Chest CavityTrachea divides into 2 branches: right and left bronchiLeft bronchus Left lungRight bronchus Right lungLungsBronchi branch into smaller tubes called bronchiolesAlveoli
Respiratory Structures Within the Chest CavityBronchioles enter in a cluster of tiny hollow
air sacs called alveoli150 million alveoli in each lung!Occur in clustersGas exchange