The Respiratory System

Overview

Respiratory System

-nose, passageways, lungs, and a muscle called the diaphragm.

Major Function:

-process by which an organism exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with its environment.

Types of Respiration (3 types)

1. External Respiration- occurs in the lungs, exchange of gases between the air and your lungs. (alveoli)

2. Internal Respiration- exchange of gases between the blood and body cells.

3. Cellular Respiration- production of ATP (energy) in cells.

Taking a Breath…-Inspiration: process of inhaling air

Nitrogen 78%Oxygen 21%Carbon Dioxide .03%Other gases .97%

-Expiration: process of exhaling air

Nitrogen 78%Oxygen 16.54%Carbon Dioxide 4.49%Other gases .97%

-CPR works because we don’t ONLY exhale Carbon Dioxide. We exhale a good amount of Oxygen as well.

-Lungs have a total capacity of approx 4-5 liters-You normally inhale approx .5 Liters-Exhaling, you have a residual volume of air left in your lungs of about1 Liter

Nose: contains small hairs that filter particulates.

Nasal Cavity: contain cilia that act as an additional filter of the incoming air. Also

contains mucous that protects tissues, warms, and moistens the air.

Pharynx: passageway leading to the trachea (contains 2 passageways for food and air)

Nose

Nose

Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea.

Larynx: voice box, vocal cords, ‘Adams Apple’.

Trachea (windpipe): leads to the bronchi tubes, made of cartilage.

Mucous and cilia lined.

Nose

Bronchus: 2 tubes that split off from the trachea, each lead to lung. Mucous and cilia lined.

Bronchioles: branchlike extensions of the main bronchi.

Alveoli: sacs in lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion between

air and blood (capillaries).

Diaphragm: muscle separating the thoracic from the abdominal cavities.

Respiratory Structures-Nose: contains small hairs that

filter particulates.

-Nasal Cavities: contain cilia that act as an additional filter of the incoming air. Also contains mucous that protects tissues, warms, and moistens the air.

-Pharynx: back of the throat; splits into the trachea and the esophagus.

-Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea.

-Larynx: voice box, vocal cords, ‘Adams Apple’.

-Trachea (windpipe): leads to the bronchi tubes, made of cartilage. Mucous and cilia lined.

-Bronchi Tubes: two tubes that split off from the trachea, each one leads to lung. Mucous and cilia lined.

Into the lungs…

-Bronchioles: branchlike extensions of the main bronchi.

-Alveoli: sacs in lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion between the air and the blood. (capillaries)

CO2…Where does it come from?

Answer: Cellular Respiration!

Gas Exchange in the Lungs:-occurs in the alveoli…surrounded by capillaries.-simple diffusion! (oxygen in; carbon dioxide out)-hemoglobin…carries the gases.-carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate ions in the blood.

The act of breathing…

-When you inhale, your rib muscles and diaphragm contract, expanding your chest cavity. (Diaphragm moves lower into the chest cavity.)

-When you exhale, your rib muscles and diaphragm relax, returning your chest cavity to a resting position forcing air out.

Yawning Hiccups

Respiration Control…

-Breathing is an involuntary response. (controlled by the brain and brain stem)

-Receptors in the medulla oblongata detect high amounts of carbon dioxide and send signals to your rib muscles and diaphragm.

-Oxygen receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries send signals to the brain when the oxygen level is too low.

Respiratory Illnesses

-Asthma: contraction of the bronchioles due to an allergic reaction.

-Bronchitis: bacterial infection in the bronchioles.-Emphysema: rupturing of the alveoli (smoking).-Pneumonia: virus and bacterial infection (severe).-Lung Cancer