The The Restoration & Restoration &

the Glorious the Glorious RevolutionRevolution

The Stuarts The Stuarts &Revolutions&Revolutions•After the English After the English

Civil War & Civil War & Cromwell’s 10 Cromwell’s 10 year rule as Lord year rule as Lord Protector, the Rump Protector, the Rump Parliament met to Parliament met to reestablish reestablish the English Monarchythe English Monarchy

Restoration of Restoration of the Stuartsthe Stuarts

•Chose Charles II as the new Chose Charles II as the new English monarchEnglish monarch

•The “Merry The “Merry Monarch”Monarch”

•1660 – 1685 1660 – 1685

Constitutional Constitutional MonarchyMonarchy

•Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy::•Power of the monarch is Power of the monarch is

limited limited by a constitutionby a constitution•The constitution defines The constitution defines

governmental powers, as governmental powers, as well as the rights of the well as the rights of the peoplepeople

Parliament Parliament MaturesMatures

•Political Parties in Political Parties in Parliament: Parliament:

•TORIESTORIES::•Supported the “King, Supported the “King,

church & land” church & land”•Defended hereditary Defended hereditary

monarchymonarchy

•WHIGSWHIGS::

•Supported “life, Supported “life, liberty & property” liberty & property”

•Wanted to exclude Wanted to exclude Charles’ brother Charles’ brother James James from the thronefrom the throne

Parliament Parliament MaturesMatures

•Habeas Corpus Habeas Corpus ActAct: :

•A person cannot A person cannot be held in prison be held in prison without just without just cause or without cause or without a triala trial

Parliament Parliament MaturesMatures

•Test ActTest Act: : •Restricted Restricted

Catholics Catholics from from holding holding political and/or military political and/or military officeoffice

•Remained in effect until 1829Remained in effect until 1829

Parliament Parliament MaturesMatures

Catholic Brother of Charles IICatholic Brother of Charles II

James IIJames II (1685 (1685 – 1688)– 1688)

James II...Doesn’t James II...Doesn’t Last Too LongLast Too Long

• James James & his & his 2nd wife were 2nd wife were CatholicCatholic

•Raised a Raised a Catholic Catholic army army

•Appointed Catholics Appointed Catholics to government & to government & religious positions religious positions

James II...Doesn’t James II...Doesn’t Last Too LongLast Too Long

•Alienated EVERYONE (even Alienated EVERYONE (even the Tories)the Tories)

•Suspended laws passed by Suspended laws passed by ParliamentParliament

•Tried to grant freedom of Tried to grant freedom of religion through the religion through the Declaration of IndulgenceDeclaration of Indulgence

Protestant or Protestant or Catholic?Catholic?•Even though Even though

Parliament disapproved of Parliament disapproved of Catholicism it was content to Catholicism it was content to wait James II outwait James II out

•He was to be He was to be followed by his followed by his protestant daughtersprotestant daughters

•Mary & AnneMary & Anne

Protestant or Protestant or Catholic?Catholic?

•But then a son was born; But then a son was born; to to be raised CATHOLIC!be raised CATHOLIC!

•The son would be in line for The son would be in line for the throne the throne beforebefore James’ James’ Protestant daughtersProtestant daughters

•Prompts Parliamentary Prompts Parliamentary actionaction

• In 1688 Parliament asked In 1688 Parliament asked Mary & her husband Mary & her husband William William to come take the to come take the throne of throne of England England

•Remember that Mary Remember that Mary was James’ daughter; was James’ daughter; she was also she was also Protestant…Protestant…

The Glorious The Glorious RevolutionRevolution

The Glorious The Glorious RevolutionRevolution• James II fled James II fled & was later & was later

defeated at the Battle of the defeated at the Battle of the BoyneBoyne

•Catholics were Catholics were severely punished severely punished for supporting for supporting James James

William & William & MaryMary•Agreed to govern Agreed to govern “according “according

to the statutes of to the statutes of Parliament, and the laws and Parliament, and the laws and customs of the same”customs of the same”

•Were referred to as “Were referred to as “officers officers of parliamentof parliament” in the English ” in the English Bill of Rights of 1689Bill of Rights of 1689