The Philippine Revolution had its underlying and immediate causes:Abuses of the officials (government and

clergy)Failures of the government to grant reformsPersecution of the leaders who defended the

oppressedRacial prejudice and discrimination AGAINST

our people.The desire to regain lost freedom

Discovery and Cry… The Katipunan was finally discovered on

August 19, 1896. Teodoro Patino, a member of the Katipunan betrayed the secrecy to Fr. Mariano Gil, on the basis of that information, Spanish authorities acted immediately.

After the discovery, Bonifacio and Katipuneros from Manila had to elude the dragnet of the Spanish law and they fled to Caloocan.

Cont.

On August 26, 1896, Bonifacio rallied the Katipuneros to an emergency meeting at Pugad Lawin. He informed them of the urgency to start the revolution in the view of the discovery of the secret.

He took out their Cedulas, tore it to piece and shouted “long live the Philippines”.

Following his examples, the Katipuneros tore also their cedulas, echoing the cry.

Events

Spanish cazadores started making hundreds of arrest. Many died of suffocation from detention camps at Fort Santiago.

Bonifacio led an attack a polverin in San Juan on August 30, 1896. this I n known as the Battle of Pinaglabanan. Due to casualties, Bonifacio retreated to Balara.

A day earlier, Melchora Aquino was arrested at Pasong Putik, Novaliches.

Events

August 30, Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco issued a state of war on Manila and 7 provinces; Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac and palced them under Martial Law.

Pardoned for the Katipuneros who will surrender within 48 hours.

Katipuneros subjected them to torture to make them squeal matters about the revolution.

Events

After the battle in San Juan, Bonifacio, Jacinto, Sakay and others went to Mariquina, San Mateo and Montalban to set up camps.

Series of execution begun. Blanco inaugurated the reign of terror in the belief that this would stop the rebellion.

Sept. 4, 4 were executed at Bagumbayan, Sept 12, 13 martyrs of Cavite were executed, they are remembered as “Los Trece Martires”.

Meanwhile, Rizal was arrested while on his way to Cuba to serve as doctor for the Spanish army. On Nov. 20, Rizal appeared before Col. Francisco Olive to answer charges against him. Dec 26, the litigation of Rizal took place before the military court. Two days later, Gov. Camilo Polavieja approved the verdict. Convicted of sedition, rebellion and illicit associations, Rizal was executed by firing squad at Bagumbayan on Dec. 30, 1896 at 7:30am. 8 Filipino soldiers and 8 Spanish soldiers carried out the execution.

Such incidents involving detention, deportation, and execution only made the Filipinos more unrelenting to the Spanish government. The more they became determined to continue the struggle.

I would like to thank and acknowledgeProf. Aldrin Gueverrafor making this PPT