CAUSES OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION

The abuses of Spanish officials and priests; Persecution of Filipino leaders

who defended the rights of their fellow countrymen.Filipinos 'desire to regain their independence.Discovery of the Katipunan and Bonifacio’s

call for revolution.

THE PHILIPPINE Revolution began in 1896 and really ended only in 1901.At first, it was a war of independence against the Spain.Later,it turned into a war of independence against the United State The first part of revolution was a success. Many of our best heroes were killed during the revolution.

On August 13, 1896, Father Agustin Hernandez wrote to Don Manuel Luengo, the civil governor of Manila abuot the evening Gathereing in his Parish.

August 19,1896, Katipunan was finally discovered by the betrayal of Teodoro pateno to Father Mariano Gil.

  After the discovery of the Katipunan ,Bonifacio gathered his men in the hills of balintawak. Balintawak was the place north of Manila which was then a secret meeting place of the katipuneros. .

The spanish Cazadores began making of hundred of arrests. Many of them died in suffocation.

August 21-22, Bonifacio called for a meeting at the house of vidal Acab; then the residence of Apolonio Samson in Kangkong, Caloocan.

Cedulas PersonalesAugust 23, Bonifacio and Jacinto met at Bahay Toro,

Pugadlawin Balintawak and gathered at the residence of Melchora Aquino

On August 26,1896,the fiery Bonifacio stopped all the talking .”There is no other way,”he told them, ”enough is enough!” He angrily tore his residence certificate(Cedulas Personales). It was the symbol of Spanish oppression of Filipinos. Also their tore cedulas the called for a revolution. The katipuneros led by Bonifacio started the Revolution

Cry Of PugadlawinCedulas Personales

The first battle of the revolution took place at the town of San Juan del Monte at dawn of Sunday, August 30 ,1986. Bonifacio and some 1000 katipuneros attacked the Spanish arsenal at San Juan. It was bloody and awful battle. The Filipinos were armed only with bolos,a few handmade guns (paltics) old rifles,bamboo spears, and amulets (anting-anting). BATTLE OF PINAGLABANAN

The superior weapons' of the Spanish. Armed forces won the day. The Filipinos lost and retreated. They left 153 dead comrades behind.

Battle of Pinaglabanan

The revolution quickly spread like wild fire in Southern Luzon, The Spanish Governor General Ramon Blanco, declared a state of war in eight provinces; Manila,Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija,Tarlac,Laguna,Cavite,and Batangas on August 30,1896.

The Spanish officials terrorized the Filipinos and executed many of their famous leaders.

On September 4, four members of the Katipunan were executed at bagumbayan.

On September 12, thirteen were put to death at Plaza de Armas(Los Tece Martires)

Many Filipino patriots were arrested and put in prison at Fort Santiago.About 1,000 Filipinos were exiled to Guam,Africa and other Spanish prisons abroad. The martyrdom of their leaders made the Filipinos more angry at the Spanish officials.

 

José Protasio Mercado Rizal y Alonso Realonda or popularly known as José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. Born: June 19, 1861, Calamba, Laguna Siblings: Paciano Rizal, Saturnina Hidalgo,

Concepción Mercado, more Parents: Teodora Alonso, Francisco Mercado Nicknames: Jose P. Rizal, Pepe, Dr. Jose Rizal

Rizal was allowed to leave Dapitan and go to Cuba as a volunteer doctor in the Spain army. He was arrested and taken back to Manila.He was put in prison at fort Santiago and tried by the military court . He was found guilty of being a traitor to Spain and sentenced to death. At dawn of December 30,1896, at 7:30 am Rizal was shot by a firing squad at the Luneta.

Thousands of Filipinos were inspired to join the revolution in the nearby provinces. The Filipino revolutionaries captured, Las Piñas, Parañaque, and other towns around in manila.  

The revolutionaries was divided in two. The Magdalos- Aguinaldo’s group and the Magdiwangs- Bonifacio’s group. Aguinaldo win his battles while Bonifacio lost all his battle. Bonifacio’s supporters refused to help Aguinaldo when they were attacked similarly. Aguinaldo’s followers, did not help the Magdiwangs when they fought the Spaniard.

Emilio Aguinaldo (Born on March 22, 1869. )Quit his studies at the Letran College in Manila after his father died in 1882.

September 5 ,Emilio aguinaldo and his men assailed thye spanish troops staioned at Itmus under the Command of Gen. Eusebio Aguirre. Spaniards lost hundred of men and 60 guns.

After this battle aguinaldo was called Heneral Miong, no longer Capitan Miong

Both rival groups decided to meet at Tejeros, Cavite on March 22, 1897. They wanted to settle the controversy on Leadership because a revolution must have only one leader. They decided to elect the officers of a Revolutionary Government. Bonifacio was over-confident. His followers outnumbered the followers of Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo wasn’t able to attend the election because he was fighting the Spanish army at Imus.

Bonifacio was elected as the new leader. He did not know that the Filipinos no longer wanted him as the leader. Aguinaldo won the majority vote for new President of the First Revolutionary Government on March 23 and lasted until October 31, 1897. Bonifacio lost even the position of Vice- President and the other lower positions. As a consolation, Bonifacio was elected to the last office of secretary of the interior but even the lowest position was protested by Daniel Tirona. Aguinaldo was elected as the President of the Biak-na-Bato Republic on November 1, 1897.

Bonifacio was elected as the new leader. He did not know that the Filipinos no longer wanted him as the leader. Aguinaldo won the majority vote for new President of the First Revolutionary Government on March 23 and lasted until October 31, 1897. Bonifacio lost even the position of Vice- President and the other lower positions. As a consolation, Bonifacio was elected to the last office of secretary of the interior but even the lowest position was protested by Daniel Tirona. Aguinaldo was elected as the President of the Biak-na-Bato Republic on November 1, 1897.

The Filipinos freedom fighter fought with crude wepons: bolos, clubs , stones, bamboo, spears, old musket, and homomade guns (paltiks). The Filipinos won many battles against the Spanish Government troop. The Greatest victory in the battle of the Filipino was won by Emilio Aguinaldo in the Battle of Binakayan, Cavite on November 9 to 11,1896.

At the Battle of Limbon, Bonifacio and his men lost the fight and were taken prisoners. Andres was wounded and his brother Ciriaco was killed. His wife Gregoria de Jesus was one of the prisoners. The Revolutionary Government tried Bonifacio and his brother Procopio by military court martial at Maragondon on May 5, 1897 and they were found guilty they were sentenced to die.    Aguinaldo reduced their sentence to life imprisonment but was able to cancel that order and execute Bonifacio. On May 19, 1897 Andres and Procopio were shot by a firing squad of Aguinaldo’s soldiers in near Maragondon. Under the command of Major Lazaro Makapagal.

December 4 1896, the katipunan members of Balangay Dimasalang met at Bigaa, province of Bulacan, conduct an election under their newly founded Kakarong Republic led by Gen. Eusebio Roque(Maestrong Sebio and Dimabungo).

January 1, 1897, General Olaguer –Feliu rushed to the fortifications of Kakarong anf launched a massive assault against the people including ciilians.January 16 at 5:00 pm, Maestrong Sebio was executed

February 15,1897, Governor Polaveja launched an all-out offenssive in Cavite. Two days later, General Lachambre captured the town of Silan. gen,. Aguinaldo aided by Gen. Vito Belarmino and Artemio Recarte, mounted a counteroffenssive, but failed to get Silang back.

February 25,1897, Dasmarinas, Cavite cwas taken by Gen. Antonio Zabala who also attacked Salitran which was defended by Gen. Flaviano Yenko. Yengko was mortally wounded in action and died on March 3, 1897 at Itmus military Hospital..

Dr. Pedro A. Paterno, a prominent Filipino ,acted as the go-between in the peace negotiations. He succeeded in negotiating the agreement to end the fighting between the Filipinos and the Spaniards. This was historic Pact of Biak na Bato. It was signed by General Aguinaldo and Governor General Primo Rivera on Dec. 14 and 15 1897

He was the youngest general of the Revolution younger tham del Pilar by one year, two months and seven days

Peace was proclaimed in the Philippines after the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. Gen. Aguinaldo and other revolutionary leaders went to exile in Hong Kong as a part of agreement. Aguinaldo and his companions reached Hong Kong on December 30, 1897.   Women of the Revolution Melchora Aquino (popularly known as “Tandang Sora” Gregoria Montoya (joan of Arc of Cavite”) Agueda Kahabagan (joan of Arc of the Sant Cruz, Laguna”); Teresa Magbanua (joan of aec of the Visayas”) Trinidad Tecson (“Mother of Biaknabato”) (“Florence Nightingale of Panay”) Patronicia Gamboa (Heroine of jaro”) Marcela Agoncillo (wife of Filipino doplomat Felipe agoncillo).

Both the Filipinos and the Spaniards broke their peace agreement at Biak-na-Bato. Spain did not pay P1.7 million war indemnity to the Filipinos. Only P600,000 was paid. Spanish officials continue to arrest and punish Filipino who surrendered.

CONCLUSION: During the Phillipine Revolution, thousands of filipino’s have give and sacrifice their lives for the independence of our country. Blood and sweat are given by them inorder to have our independene. They fight for their country and their fellowmen. That is why we have our heroes. They are the one that give us the way for peace. So, as a citezen of our country, we must have patriotism. We must love and fight for our country over those people that make our country be in poverty. We must help each other like the soldiers do during the wars in the revolution. We must stand in one for the succes and development of our native land.