the rise of spread of islam
DESCRIPTION
The Rise of Spread of Islam . Chapter Six AP World History Ms. Tully . The PostClassical Period: Faith and Commerce. Spread of major world religion Development of systematic international trade Three Big Concepts. Pre-Islamic Arabia. Bedouin culture based on kin/clan/tribal networks - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE RISE OF SPREAD OF ISLAM Chapter SixAP World HistoryMs. Tully
The PostClassical Period: Faith and Commerce
Spread of major world religion
Development of systematic international trade
Three Big Concepts
Pre-Islamic Arabia Bedouin culture based
on kin/clan/tribal networks
Shayks – clan/tribal leaders
Fierce interclan rivalries and struggles for resources
Towns and long-distance trade Mecca & Medina
Pre-Islamic Arabia Status of women
varied by clan Little
art/architecture – focus on poetry
Bedouin religions – blend of animism & polytheism
The Life of Muhammad & Gensis of Islam
Born around 570 CE Merchant, married Khadijah
One of many prophets concerned about life in Arabia
610 CE – Muhammad receives revelations from angel Gabriel
Qu’ran basis of new religion
The Fight for Islam in Arabia Umayyads in Mecca
saw Muhammad as a threat
Muhammad flees to Medina Hijra
620s – Conflict between Muhammad’s Median forces & Umayyad controlled Mecca
Destroyed old idols, Mecca now under Islamic faith
The Appeal of Islam Monotheism
dominated any tribal or class divisions
Umma – Community of the faithful
Provided ethical system Qu’ran
Similarity/unity with other Semitic religions
The Appeal of Islam Five Pillars of
Islam Profession of faith Pray 5x day Fast during
Ramadan Pay Zakat for
charity Perform a Hajj
Muhammad’s Successor? Died in 632 – who
should succeed him? Creation of Caliph –
political and religious successor to Muhammad
Ali – Muhammad’s son-in-law?
Abu Bakr – Muhammad’s close friend
Ridda Wars military campaigns against rebel Arab clans
Spread of Islam New sense of unity & strength Booty came from conquests Jihad theory of conquest not true Sasanian empire weak overthrown by
651 Byzantines weakened by Arabs, but not
destroyed Rise of naval supremacy
Rivals to Islamic Expansion
Spread of Islam
The Sunni-Shi’a Split The main division between Sunni and Shia Muslims
is originally not a religious one, but a political one. Sunni Muslims: Abu Bakr was the best choice as
caliph; caliphs should be chosen from the umma (Muslim community). (85%)
Shia Muslims: Ali should have been picked as caliph (successor should have been kept in the family). They do not recognize the authority of Sunni Muslim leaders. (15%)
Over centuries, differences in belief and law develop which contributes to many major disputes in the region until this day
Geographic Distribution of Sunni/Shi’a
Caliphs & Caliphates Caliph = Islamic religious and political leader Caliphate = dynasty of Islamic caliphs Rashidun or Rightly Guided Caliphs (632-661) Abu Bakr; Umar; Uthman; Ali Umayyads (661-750, centered in Damascus) Abbasids (750-1258, centered in Baghdad) Córdobas (756-1031, Iberia) Fatimids (909-1171, North Africa, Shi’a) Almohads (1145-1269, North Africa, Iberia) Ottomans (1517-1922)
Umayyad Caliphate Political center
moved to Damascus Small Arab &
Muslim aristocracy ruled over empire of non-Arabs/Muslims
Mawali – Non-Arab Muslim converts
Dhimmi – people of the book
Umayyad Caliphate New expectations for women & marriage Umayyads addicted to luxury – big reason
for downfall Revolts in empire began in 740 CE Rise of
Abbasid challenge Abbasid defeated Umayyads in 750
hunted down all members of Umayyad family
‘Abd al-Rahman escaped formed caliphate in Cordoba
Abbasid Caliphate Moved capital to Baghdad Bureaucratization of
empire Wazier Full integration of converts Rise in the status of
merchants Growth of cities
Translation and preservations of classical texts
Key to development of great trade routes