the rivers trust autumn conference: day 2 - session 2

Chaired by Damian Crilly

CEO, Westcountry Rivers Trust

Catchment Management in the lowland farmed landscape

Payments for Ecosystem Services

Pollutant type, scale and density

Delivery – past and present

Dr Laurence Couldrick - Westcountry Rivers Trust

- Wants to improve Ecosystem Services that flow from land

- Estimated cost/benefit ratio- Sold to customer & OFWAT- 65p from bill payers = £9m

Buyer - SWW Intermediary - WRT

- Ensure works do not degrade other services- Minimise admin costs

- Monitor concept

Seller - Farmer

- Has a capital asset that generates Ecosystem Services

- Improves the function of his asset (e.g. soil management)

Payments for Ecosystem Services

<

>

Cost Benefit

Why do people change?

For SWW: ↑ Population + ↓ Water Supply + ↑ Pollution = ↑ Risk + ↑ Cost

Understanding the buyer

5370ML

2.5ML

6.25g of slug pellets contains 0.25g of Metaldehyde

13.5kg of pellets contains 537g of Metaldehyde and

would be applied to 2.5ha*

* http://www.getpelletwise.co.uk/dose-rate-and-calculator/

Pollutants - Non-natural (e.g. Pesticides)

http://www.getpelletwise.co.uk/dose-rate-and-calculator/

Pollutants - Semi-natural (e.g. Nutrients)

• Nutrients occur naturally in the soil as well as coming from farmed and urban areas• Devon and Cornwall have 368,000 cows • This is equivalent to 18.4 million people worth of sewage - approximately 30% of the UK

• Soil loss impacts water treatment presses & fisheries spawning habitats• 38% of the soils in the South West are degraded• Extreme examples show single fields losing 20% of top soil during storm Desmond• Soil loss at this level (40mm in one event series) takes 800 to 1,600 years to replace

Pollutants - Natural (Sediment)

653 pollution events found….

Pollutant scale and density

• Scale - What scale are you working

• Density – Is the pollution from many sources (diffuse) or from single sources

Upper Tamar - 1,200km2

Ottery - 125km2 Caudworthy - 26km2

SCALE(WHAT OTHER VARIABLES ARE

PRESENT?)

Sem

i-N

atu

ral (

e.g.

nu

trie

nt)

Un

-Nat

ura

l (e.

g. p

esti

cid

e)

Nat

ura

l (e.

g. s

edim

ent)

NATURALNESS (HOW WELL DEFINED IS THE SOURCE OF THE POLLUTANT

IN THE ENVIRONMENT?)

Dif

fuse

(1

00

’s o

f so

urc

es) DENSITY

(HOW EASY IS IT TO REMEDY ALL SOURCES?)

Poin

t (1

so

urc

e)

Med

ium

(1

0’s

of

sou

rces

)

Understanding impact and evidence

89 farm over 76km2 60% drop£600m to treat

Colour reduced by upto 15% from Mires

Delivery - past and present

184 projects

86km fencing

Pesticide Amnesty

Pesticide Switches

Pesticide modelling

3D imaging

What are we getting?

Catchment Management in the lowland farmed landscape

Thank you for listening

Dr Laurence Couldrick - Westcountry Rivers Trust

CEO, Devon Wildlife Trust

www.devonwildlifetrust.org

Woodland

Catchment management for

water regulation and

biodiversity

Harry Barton

Devon Wildlife Trust


Woodland


Lowland heath


Wetland and riverine


Post industrial - meeth

221 SSSIs: 30% in favourable condition

Over 2,000 Wildlife Sites: 34% in good condition

A fascinating species…

They can filter up to 50 litres of water

per day

They are one of the longest living

invertebrates known. They can live

for over 100 years.

But…

Freshwater pearl mussels on the

River Torridge are not thought to

have bred successfully since the

1960’s.


Condition of rivers

Habitat Improvements


Distribution of culm habitat

The remaining Culm grasslands cover only 4,000ha,

fragmented across 570 sites (In 1900 there were

around 29,500ha)


Cross section soil image?


Soil water levels in Culm (green) vs

Intensively Managed Grasslands (purple)


Soil inversion at Vealand


Scrub removal


Felling conifers


370km

600 farmers

5,000 ha

622,000 tonnes

£10 million


• 3,320 swimming pools

• £14.7 million marginal value

UST Project Manager, South West Water

(Peat) Land Management in

UK Upland landscapes

Dr. David Smith

Upstream Thinking and Environment

Manager, South West Water

147

Uplands in the UK

148

Uplands: Key Services

149

Grouse

150

Heather moorland

151

Moorland burning

152

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjqpYLXj_jOAhXJmBoKHVHmBuUQjRwIBw&url=http://peerj.com/blog/post/115284877707/gwilym-matt-davies-ei/&psig=AFQjCNE9zMAhchg4VmjF1JidsHH0g1f4Bg&ust=1473161278297393

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwjggpa8-vfOAhXBXhoKHSxBDmcQjRwIBw&url=http://markavery.info/2014/10/01/important-study-impacts-moorland-burning-river-catchments/&psig=AFQjCNHf7Z1-8g6WxBw0t8zmt7BCVRlCUQ&ust=1473155597952406

Past management to increase outputs

153

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwjm0eWbi_jOAhXDXBoKHWi0CFcQjRwIBw&url=http://www.collectionspicturelibrary.co.uk/fullview.php?pref=C041-00207&bvm=bv.131783435,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNGsFoeNowEAXcSLGIAeT9TOZuRDtg&ust=1473159650881458

Forestry

154

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwib_LTGifjOAhVMAxoKHZCbDQIQjRwIBw&url=http://blogs.tcv.org.uk/natural-talent/2014/03/19/flow-country-research-conference-looking-forward/&bvm=bv.131783435,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNGsFoeNowEAXcSLGIAeT9TOZuRDtg&ust=1473159650881458

50 yrs later...

155

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwid4r69gPjOAhWKlxoKHYslDp8QjRwIBw&url=http://www.kinder-scout.co.uk/introduction.html&bvm=bv.131783435,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNFdAPquMDQRKs8bSP1awlZSF9Yv6A&ust=1473157186208540

Peat extraction

156

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiNur_9_ffOAhXCiRoKHeMgClEQjRwIBw&url=https://foodandforagehebrides.wordpress.com/category/fruit/&bvm=bv.131783435,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNGaoYRK6q_jaFoUHw2MzALlFMLt3Q&ust=1473156557855421

Renewable energy

157

The state of UK peatlands

158

Bare peat

159

Water quality

160

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi30KiKhvjOAhXGyRoKHXU9DtIQjRwIBw&url=http://www.pentaxforums.com/forums/18-monthly-photo-contests/116692-peat-water.html&bvm=bv.131783435,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNESYmgiw5xrX17MbE6AmznBBKMiaQ&ust=1473158696291245

Flood risk management

161

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjx1oDVg_jOAhXEthoKHRywC98QjRwIBw&url=http://www.ukconstructionmedia.co.uk/news/environment-agency-invest-moorland/&psig=AFQjCNGn4-asExIzWVj-LbvT_5wI5q-uCg&ust=1473157495201265

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiZ2eXAgvjOAhUEXBoKHfAmAbgQjRwIBw&url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/45283820/hills-dykes-and-dams-moors-for-the-future/2&psig=AFQjCNGn4-asExIzWVj-LbvT_5wI5q-uCg&ust=1473157495201265

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjfh--Tg_jOAhUDlxoKHWhkBkkQjRwIBw&url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/belford&psig=AFQjCNGn4-asExIzWVj-LbvT_5wI5q-uCg&ust=1473157495201265

Restoration remedies

162

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwjXneSLgvjOAhVFvRoKHUVUB5kQjRwIBw&url=http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4089608&psig=AFQjCNGn4-asExIzWVj-LbvT_5wI5q-uCg&ust=1473157495201265

Re-vegetation

163

Ditch blocking

164

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwjsgcvZhPjOAhXB0RoKHUGYAJkQjRwIBw&url=http://www.dtmsgroup.co.uk/moors-for-the-future&bvm=bv.131783435,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNHtASz1NoUwDLl0n_eIp_rVCkpMEg&ust=1473158351528070

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj4lNW2gvjOAhVMfxoKHdF0DagQjRwIBw&url=http://www.moorsforthefuture.org.uk/news/moors-future-advise-award-winning-project-northern-ireland&psig=AFQjCNGn4-asExIzWVj-LbvT_5wI5q-uCg&ust=1473157495201265

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwj15fOlhfjOAhUFnRoKHQ_HDNwQjRwIBw&url=http://www.moorlandassociation.org/image-gallery/&bvm=bv.131783435,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNGYzXWLZTu1e8Aj9RjdXdAmW9HQew&ust=1473158487239604

Ditch and gully re-profiling

165

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj55Py8hPjOAhUCrxoKHSrWAeQQjRwIBw&url=http://www.northpennines.org.uk/Pages/Restoration.aspx&psig=AFQjCNEUNsijgXzpNEW-0r6_Yd31nthQ2g&ust=1473158262231478

Multiple projects

• Holnicote Project – multi objective flood management demonstration project

(Somerset)

• Yorkshire Peat Partnership

• SCaMP (Sustainable Catchment Management Programme – United

Utilities)

• North Pennines AONB Partnership – Peatscapes project

• Pumlumon (Wildlife Trusts Wales / Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust)

• Moors for the Future / Making Space for Water

• Vyrnwy LIFE project

166

http://www.uplandhydrology.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Holnicote.pdf

http://www.uplandhydrology.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/YPP.pdf

http://www.uplandhydrology.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/SCaMP.pdf

http://www.uplandhydrology.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/AONB.pdf

http://www.uplandhydrology.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Pumlumon.pdf

http://www.uplandhydrology.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Moors.pdf

http://www.uplandhydrology.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Vyrnwy.pdf

Policy and regulation

167

National coordination and support

168

The IUCN UK Peatland Programme

exists to promote peatland restoration

in the UK and advocates the multiple

benefits of peatlands through

partnerships, strong science, sound

policy and effective practice.

The Peatland Code is the voluntary

standard for peatland restoration

projects in the UK that want to be

sponsored on the basis of their carbon

benefits

Bottom up campaigning action

169

SWW led peatland management

Exmoor

Project

Dartmoor

Pilot project

Bodmin

initiatives

170

Most of Exmoor’s peatlands have been affected by peat-

cutting, drainage, or past over-burning and grazing.

- Heavily modified, dry and dominated by Molinia.

171

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/

Bare Peat on Dartmoor

172

Typical peat and wooden block

6 weeks after restoration on Exmoor

173

Eroded area after restoration

33

•Monitoring Equipment per site:54 dipwells, 18 temperature loggers, 60 capacitance probes, 30

mini conductivity loggers, 3 seepage meters.

Restoration of Spooners: monitoring

catchment, April 2013

175

Evidence

176

Future developments

177

Future developments and technology

178

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj_r76agvjOAhWJzRoKHcn4DOwQjRwIBw&url=http://bleaklow.com/2010/05/22/a_busy_day_on_the_moors.html&psig=AFQjCNGn4-asExIzWVj-LbvT_5wI5q-uCg&ust=1473157495201265

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjr1K6tgvjOAhUFMhoKHZw6DoIQjRwIBw&url=http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4089594&psig=AFQjCNGn4-asExIzWVj-LbvT_5wI5q-uCg&ust=1473157495201265

Amazing is possible

179

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj899DVivjOAhXFSxoKHZxnDjsQjRwIBw&url=http://www.johnogroat-journal.co.uk/News/4m-windfall-to-restore-Flow-Country-11102012.htm&bvm=bv.131783435,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNGsFoeNowEAXcSLGIAeT9TOZuRDtg&ust=1473159650881458

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwilw83pivjOAhWKVxoKHa1zBLMQjRwIBw&url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/landscapes/flow_country/&bvm=bv.131783435,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNGsFoeNowEAXcSLGIAeT9TOZuRDtg&ust=1473159650881458

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi3obiHi_jOAhVHVxoKHRfsDkYQjRwIBw&url=http://www.flowstothefuture.com/flowcountry.html&bvm=bv.131783435,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNGsFoeNowEAXcSLGIAeT9TOZuRDtg&ust=1473159650881458

Exmoor Flow Country

180

Head of Data, Evidence & Communications, WRT

Westcountry Rivers Trust

Bringing our rivers to life for the

benefit of all by protecting

habitats and species, balancing land-use and reconnecting

people with their local river

Rain-Charm HouseKyl Cober Parc, Stoke Climsland

Cornwall, PL17 8PH

[email protected]

01579 372140

www.wrt.org.uk

Managing the water environment in urban

landscapes

Water Sensitive Urban Design

WATERQUALITY

CULTURE& LEISURE

CLIMATE REGULATION

HEALTH & WELLBEING

FOOD PRODUCTION

FLOOD RISK/ RESILIENCE

SPECIES &HABITATS


Ecosystem services benefit/impact ‘budgeting’

Amount of greenspace in an area and rate of perceived poor healthMitchell R. and Popham F. (2007) Journal of Epidemiology Community Health 61: 681-683

Effect of natural environment on health inequalities (mortality rates)Mitchell, R. and F. Popham () The Lancet 372 (9650): 1655-1660.

Natural England (2009) have estimated a £2.1 billion annual savings through averted health costs if everyone in England had equal ‘good perceived and/or actual access to green space’

20162014 2015


2010 2011 2012 2013

Flood & Water

Management

Act 2010

Regional Spatial Strategies (–)

Housing &

Planning Bill

2016Non-statutory

Standards for SuDS

No SABs

BREXIT

National Planning Policy

Framework replaces PPS/PPGs

Local/neighbourhood Plans

Defra Urban

Diffuse Pollution

Strategy

2nd

Ciria

SuDS Manual

& BeST

5x CaBA Urban

Workshops

Sponge 2020CaBA Pilot

Catchments

Catchment

Restoration

Fund

Key Green

Infrastructure

Projects start

CaBA Urban

Group forms

Catchment

Partnership

Action Fund


There are many real and perceived barriers / challenges to local partnerships delivering in urban water environments

Westcountry R

ivers Trust

LOCAL COMMUNITY

Local ActionPractical implementation of

environmental measures

www

GOVERNMENT BODIES

EnablingConditions

LANGUAGE LISTEN

PURSUADEENGAGE

TRANSLATE

Protect | Maintain | Conserve

Enhance | Create | Regenerate


CaBA UrbanWorking Group

CHAMPIONS FOR WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN

Leadership

EmpowermentEvidence

Best Practice

Case Studies

Comms

EngagementAmbition

Pet

er B

ide

-P

lan

nin

g A

dvi

ce f

or

Inte

grat

ed W

ater

Man

age

men

t

Lew

ish

am C

ou

nci

l & C

aBA

Urb

an W

ork

ing

Gro

up

–D

evel

op

men

t N

ear

Riv

ers

LOC

AL A

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ION

TO

OLK

ITw

ww

.urb

an

wate

r-eco

.serv

ices

ww

w.u

rban

wate

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LOC

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LOC

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ITw

ww

.urb

an

wate

r-eco

.serv

ices


Birmingham

Newcastle

www.urbanwater-eco.services

SPONGE 2020

IEA

URBAN DEMONSTRATOR


Bringing our rivers to life for the

benefit of all by protecting

habitats and species, balancing land-use and reconnecting

people with their local river

Rain-Charm HouseKyl Cober Parc, Stoke Climsland

Cornwall, PL17 8PH

[email protected]

01579 372140

www.wrt.org.uk

Managing the water environment in urban

landscapes

12th & 13th September 2016Rougemont Hotel, Exeter

the rivers trust autumn conference: day 2 - session 2

Entertainment & Humor