the road of revolution 1763-1775
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The Road of Revolution 1763-1775. AP US History Chevalier Fall 2011. The New “American”. Republicanism- subordination of self-interests to the common good. Stability of society and authority of government lay in its citizenry, not authoritarian or aristocratic rule. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Road of Revolution1763-1775
AP US HistoryChevalierFall 2011
The New “American”
• Republicanism- subordination of self-interests to the common good. Stability of society and authority of government lay in its citizenry, not authoritarian or aristocratic rule.
• “Radical Whigs”- wrote about corruption and threats to individual rights (against arbitrary power)
• Local control
Revolution In Thought (1607-1763)
• Early settlers disliked England• America’s distance and isolation weakened
England’s control• Produced rugged and independent people• Allowed colonies to control themselves (laws
and taxes)• Produced a new civilization and culture
Revolution in Action (1763-1789)
• Taxation without representation• Colonial bloodshed by British• Battles of Lexington and Concord• Declaration of Independence• War and separation with Britain• Writing of the US Constitution• A new nation
Economic Control of the Colonies
• Theory of Mercantilism to control the colonies– Navigation Laws of 1650
• Currency restrictions• Legislature nullification• Legislation and taxation and how it was
perceived by the colonists– Ultimately, colonists will have to deny both
legislative and taxation authority by Parliament
Economic Control of the Colonies
• Mercantilism was both good and bad, but it was the principal of the matter:– Colonists: Protection, tobacco monopoly, bounties
• Theodore Roosevelt:– “Revolution broke out because Britain failed to
recognize an emerging nation when it saw one.”
King George III
• Despised the colonies for their insubordination.
• Strong supporter of taxing the colonies
• Would not compromise with colonies
• After losing the colonies, he went mentally insane
Sugar Act 1764
• Indirect tax imposed on sugar imported from W. Indies (irksome?)
• Would pad the coffers of Parliament (140 million pound debt from war)
• Enforcement of Navigation Acts• Quartering Act of 1765
Stamp Act (1765)
• Revenue for British troops stationed in America
• Commercial and legal documents
• Reasonable and just?• Admiralty courts for
offenders• Taxation w/o rep.
Stamp Act Protests
• Stamp Act Congress (significance)
• Non-Importation agreements
• Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty– Tarring and feathering– Ransacking homes of
unwanted officials and tax agents
Stamp Act Protests
• The Stamp Act was never put into effect
• Large economic impact on Britain
• Declaratory Act– Maintained ‘absolute’
control– 2 lines in the sand
1767 William Pitt, P. M. & Charles Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer. Champagne Charley!Shift from paying taxes for Br. war
debts & quartering of troops paying col. govt. salaries.He diverted revenue collection from internal to external tax (indirect).Tax these imports paper, paint, lead, glass, tea.Increase custom officials at American ports established a Board of Customs in Boston.
Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770
Townshend Protests
• Not as ‘loud’ as that of the Stamp Act– Prosperity– Smuggling– Non-importation
1. John Dickinson 1768 * Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania.2. 1768 2nd non-importation movement: * “Daughters of Liberty” * spinning bees3. Riots against customs agents: * John Hancock’s ship, the
Liberty. * 4000 British troops sent to Boston.
Colonial Response to the Townshend
Duties
Boston Massacre Propaganda
The Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770• 11 colonists killed or
wounded• Details were somewhat
sketchy• John Adams• Manslaughter (branded)
Committees of Correspondence
• Purpose?• Significance?
• In 1772-1773, what was the probability of rebellion against England?
Boston Tea Party: December 1773
• East India Trading Company
• Forced demand• Continued absence of
local control• Coercive Acts passed as
a result.
The Massacre of American Liberty
• The Coercive Acts (1774) AKA the “Intolerable Acts”– Boston Port Act– Restriction of chartered rights (Mass. Gov’t. Act)– Quartering Act of 1774– Administration of Justice Act
Quebec Act (1774)
• Established Roman Catholicism as the official religion on Quebec
• Set up a Govt. without a representative assembly
• Extended Quebec’s boundary to the Ohio River
• American anger