the road to independence a mexican army arrives in texas general cos and 650 soldiers → san...

The Road to IndependenceThe Road to Independence

A Mexican Army Arrives in A Mexican Army Arrives in TexasTexasGeneral Cos and 650 General Cos and 650 soldierssoldiers→San Antonio→San Antonio

Results:Results:

1)settlers concerned 1)settlers concerned

2) Committees of safety 2) Committees of safety

3)Committees of 3)Committees of

correspondencecorrespondence

The Road to IndependenceThe Road to Independence Gonzales-Lexington of Texas (similar to the 1Gonzales-Lexington of Texas (similar to the 1stst

battle of the American Revolution)battle of the American Revolution)

11stst conflict October 2, 1835 conflict October 2, 1835 Colonel UgartecheaColonel Ugartechea ordered Gonzales to ordered Gonzales to

surrender a cannon →they refused and buried surrender a cannon →they refused and buried it until reinforcements arrived →dug it upit until reinforcements arrived →dug it up

Painted Painted Come and TakeCome and Take it on a white flag it on a white flag When Mex. troops arrived, TX commander was When Mex. troops arrived, TX commander was

Colonel John H. MooreColonel John H. Moore & men forced Mex. & men forced Mex. troops to retreat toward San Antoniotroops to retreat toward San Antonio


On to San Antonio!On to San Antonio! October 9, 1835October 9, 1835 -120 Texans surprise the -120 Texans surprise the

garrison at Goliadgarrison at Goliad

Results:Results: Mexican troops surrender & the only Mexican troops surrender & the only large Mex. force left was in San Antonio(Cos)large Mex. force left was in San Antonio(Cos)

Stephen F. Austin commanded the Stephen F. Austin commanded the Army of Army of the Peoplethe People, 300 Texans @ Gonzales, who , 300 Texans @ Gonzales, who gathered to fight Cos & 750 Mex. troops in gathered to fight Cos & 750 Mex. troops in San AntonioSan Antonio

As they marched, 100 more joined the ranksAs they marched, 100 more joined the ranks

Texans lay Texans lay siegesiege to the city-maybe Cos will to the city-maybe Cos will run out of suppliesrun out of supplies


Peace Party Prevails at the ConsultationPeace Party Prevails at the ConsultationThe Consultation met November 3, 1835The Consultation met November 3, 1835 in San in San

Felipe (printing press)Felipe (printing press) while the Texans camped while the Texans camped near San Antonionear San Antonio

War PartyWar Party favored declaration of independence from favored declaration of independence from MexicoMexico

Peace PartyPeace Party agreed in opposing Santa Anna but not agreed in opposing Santa Anna but not independence instead the fight was for the Mexican independence instead the fight was for the Mexican Constitution of 1824 & won the voteConstitution of 1824 & won the vote

November 7, 1835 they adopted the November 7, 1835 they adopted the ““Declaration of Declaration of the People of Texas in General Convention the People of Texas in General Convention AssembledAssembled”-”-1. Loyalty to Mexico 2. Support the 1. Loyalty to Mexico 2. Support the Mexican Constitution of 1824 3. Oppose Santa Anna Mexican Constitution of 1824 3. Oppose Santa Anna 4.Support for anyone who was against Santa Anna 5. 4.Support for anyone who was against Santa Anna 5. Land to anyone who helpedLand to anyone who helped


A Provisional Government BeginsA Provisional Government BeginsConsultation also created a Consultation also created a provisional provisional

governmentgovernmentIncluded: Included: Governor (Henry Smith) & lieutenant Governor (Henry Smith) & lieutenant

governor( James Robinson) both War Party governor( James Robinson) both War Party & a general council w/ 1 rep from each & a general council w/ 1 rep from each municipality municipality ( mostly Peace Party)( mostly Peace Party)

Create a Create a regular army,regular army, commanded by commanded by Sam Houston, but not volunteersSam Houston, but not volunteers

Appointed Commissioners Stephen F. Appointed Commissioners Stephen F. Austin, William Wharton & Branch Archer Austin, William Wharton & Branch Archer to represent Texas in the U.S. (troops, $ to represent Texas in the U.S. (troops, $ and supplies)and supplies)


The Grass FightThe Grass Fight• November 25, 1835- S.F. Austin left his November 25, 1835- S.F. Austin left his

command in San Antonio for the U.S. to command in San Antonio for the U.S. to ask for aidask for aid

• Edward BurlesonEdward Burleson took over command took over command of the volunteers, shortly after…….of the volunteers, shortly after…….

• Erastus “Deaf” SmithErastus “Deaf” Smith reported that the reported that the Mex. Mex. CalvaryCalvary and mule train were and mule train were headed to San Antonio (Texans thought headed to San Antonio (Texans thought “silver train”) so they attacked only to “silver train”) so they attacked only to find grass to feed Cos’s Calvary horsesfind grass to feed Cos’s Calvary horses

• No real activity in Oct & Nov so many No real activity in Oct & Nov so many volunteers went home & in early Dec. the volunteers went home & in early Dec. the siege was called offsiege was called off


The Assault on San Antonio (Siege at The Assault on San Antonio (Siege at Bexar)Bexar)

• Burleson was preparing to leave San Antonio Burleson was preparing to leave San Antonio when he got word that Cos’s army was weak when he got word that Cos’s army was weak and could not win against attackand could not win against attack

• Ben MilamBen Milam & an army were marching towards & an army were marching towards San Antonio and believed it was disastrous not San Antonio and believed it was disastrous not to attack Cos “to attack Cos “Who will go with old Ben Who will go with old Ben Milam into San Antonio?” Milam into San Antonio?” w/ 300 volunteers w/ 300 volunteers he divided his group into 2 columns- Milam led he divided his group into 2 columns- Milam led one and one and Frank W. JohnsonFrank W. Johnson led the other led the other

• December 5December 5 fighting began and lasted 4 days fighting began and lasted 4 days • Milam had an advantage b/c Cos’s army was Milam had an advantage b/c Cos’s army was

only equipped to fight in open battlefieldsonly equipped to fight in open battlefields


On the 3On the 3rdrd day Milam was killed and Johnson took over day Milam was killed and Johnson took over full commandfull command

Mexican forces were overpowered and were driven to Mexican forces were overpowered and were driven to the abandoned mission-ALAMOthe abandoned mission-ALAMO

December 9, 1835December 9, 1835 Cos asked for Cos asked for surrendersurrender terms terms and promised to never fight the colonists again and and promised to never fight the colonists again and he would support the Mexican Constitution of 1824-he would support the Mexican Constitution of 1824-they returned to Mexicothey returned to Mexico

The Capture of San Antonio was significant b/c: The Capture of San Antonio was significant b/c: 400 Texans beat 1000 Mex Soldiers400 Texans beat 1000 Mex Soldiers Texas army had Goliad and the AlamoTexas army had Goliad and the Alamo Texas was clear of Mexican troops so most Texas was clear of Mexican troops so most

volunteers returned homevolunteers returned home


Tejanos and African Americans Tejanos and African Americans Join the FightJoin the Fight

Texas army included by Texas army included by Captain Juan Captain Juan N. SeguinN. Seguin

• A free African AmericanA free African American,Hendrick ,Hendrick Arnold, Arnold,

guided Milam’s column in battleguided Milam’s column in battle


The Provisional GovernmentThe Provisional Government• While San Antonio was in battle the provisional While San Antonio was in battle the provisional

government carried on duties of the government carried on duties of the Permanent CouncilPermanent Council, a group formed b4 the , a group formed b4 the ConsultationConsultation

• Created a post office, made plans for an army Created a post office, made plans for an army and navy and appealed to the US for aidand navy and appealed to the US for aid

• Governor Henry Smith and the council Governor Henry Smith and the council quarreledquarreled

• In December they voted to hold a convention In December they voted to hold a convention on March 1836-Smith vetoed it but the council on March 1836-Smith vetoed it but the council overrode and passed the proposaloverrode and passed the proposal

• They fought over capturing the town of They fought over capturing the town of Matamoros. Smith opposed it but the council Matamoros. Smith opposed it but the council approved it approved it RESULTING RESULTING in a near breakdown in a near breakdown in government-They should have been in government-They should have been preparing to fight Santa Annapreparing to fight Santa Anna


Santa Anna Crosses Into TexasSanta Anna Crosses Into Texas In Dec. the Council called for a In Dec. the Council called for a

convention in March 1836-Texans convention in March 1836-Texans hoped that Santa Anna would not hoped that Santa Anna would not arrive until after arrive until after -They were wrong-They were wrong

Santa Anna crossed the Rio Grande Santa Anna crossed the Rio Grande in early Feb. and arrived in San in early Feb. and arrived in San Antonio on Feb 23Antonio on Feb 23rdrd

Texans that remained Texans that remained in San Antonio moved in San Antonio moved into the into the ALAMOALAMO


The Convention of 1836 Declares IndependenceThe Convention of 1836 Declares Independence

Delegates(males) began arriving at Delegates(males) began arriving at Washington-on-the-Brazos in late FebWashington-on-the-Brazos in late Feb

Poor conditions-poorly constructed Poor conditions-poorly constructed cabins, tree stumps everywhere, no cabins, tree stumps everywhere, no library, no printing press & no convention library, no printing press & no convention hallhall

March 1, 1836-elected Richard Ellis as March 1, 1836-elected Richard Ellis as chairman and H.S. Kimble as secretarychairman and H.S. Kimble as secretary

A committee was formed to write a A committee was formed to write a declaration of independencedeclaration of independence from from Mexico written by Mexico written by George D. ChildressGeorge D. Childress


Texas D of C was similar to the U.S. D of CTexas D of C was similar to the U.S. D of C

STATED:STATED: The gov’t of Santa Anna has violated the The gov’t of Santa Anna has violated the

liberties guaranteed under the Mex. liberties guaranteed under the Mex. Constitution of 1824Constitution of 1824

Deprived of Freedom of religion, trial by Deprived of Freedom of religion, trial by jury, bear arms and right to jury, bear arms and right to petitionpetition the the gov’tgov’t

No public school systemNo public school system Texans protests were met with forceTexans protests were met with force MARCH 2, 1836-DECLARATION MARCH 2, 1836-DECLARATION

ADOPTED (Texas Independence Day)ADOPTED (Texas Independence Day)


The Delegates Write a ConstitutionThe Delegates Write a Constitution MARCH 16, 1836-completed and MARCH 16, 1836-completed and ratifiedratified Included: Included:

3 Branches of Gov’t3 Branches of Gov’t1.1. Executive (chief governing officer, Executive (chief governing officer,

president) powers to carry out duties president) powers to carry out duties entrusted to himentrusted to him

2.2. Legislative (lawmaking)Legislative (lawmaking)3.3. Judicial (courts)Judicial (courts)

Bill of Rights-freedoms of speech, Bill of Rights-freedoms of speech, press, religion, trial by jury and press, religion, trial by jury and other other civil rightscivil rights

Slavery legal-free blacks were not Slavery legal-free blacks were not allowed to live in Texasallowed to live in Texas


Ad Interim Gov’t Takes ControlAd Interim Gov’t Takes Control b/c Mex. troops were in TX- no electionsb/c Mex. troops were in TX- no elections Sooo, the conventions last act-select Sooo, the conventions last act-select

officers for an officers for an ad interimad interim gov’t gov’t David G. BurnetDavid G. Burnet -ad interim president -ad interim president Sam HoustonSam Houston -commander in chief of -commander in chief of

the army (regulars and volunteers)the army (regulars and volunteers)


A Convention DiaryA Convention Diary Colonel William F. GrayColonel William F. Gray -kept diary of -kept diary of

the convention proceedingsthe convention proceedings Please read on pages 217 & 218 in the Please read on pages 217 & 218 in the

textbooktextbook


Santa Anna AdvancesSanta Anna Advances March 17 convention adjournsMarch 17 convention adjourns Alamo fell 2 days beforeAlamo fell 2 days before Santa Anna was headed to Washington-Santa Anna was headed to Washington-

on-the-Brazoson-the-Brazos The delegates scattered in all directionsThe delegates scattered in all directions

the road to independence a mexican army arrives in texas general cos and 650 soldiers → san...

Documents

san antonio slide

independence slide

san antonio texans

san antonio siege

san antonio war party

supplies slide

soldiers san antonio

independence peace party