the road to war presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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The Road to WarUnderlying Causes of World War Two
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1. The Treaty of VersaillesHarsh terms intended to make
Germany powerless• accept total blame for WW1• reduced military• reparations of $33 billion• loss of territory
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Territorial Disputes After WWI
Many German people were living in new countries such as Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Austria.
Germany lost territory to several countries, leading to grievances.
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2. Rise of FascismFascism
A system of government in which:• Nationalism is promoted• Labour and industry are
regulated by a strong national government
• All opposition is suppressed
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Italian Fascism
The political ideology of fascism originated with Benito Mussolini, who became dictator of Italy in 1922
1922- “March on Rome” Mussolini’s blackshirts destroyed Italy’s government
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Benito Mussolini
• Called “Il Duce” meaning “The Leader”
• Created a totalitarian dictatorship by:– banning opposing
political parties & unions
– censoring newspapers
– creating a secret police force
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Rise of Adolph Hitler
• 1923: Hitler, leader of Nazi party, conducts an armed revolt in Munich– the “Beer Hall
Putsch”
• Hitler thrown in prison
• Wrote “Mein Kampf” (my struggle) while in prison
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Rise of Fascism in Germany• 1933 -Hitler is elected Chancellor of Germany, becoming “Fuhrer” (leader)• organized opposition was violently suppressed by the “brownshirts”
• Hitler’s policy of “Lebensraum” (living room):– take over German-speaking territories in neighbouring countries such as
Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia– defeat Soviet communism and expand German territory to the east into
the U.S.S.R., expelling non-German people
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Anti-Semitism in Germany
Blamed Germany’s problems on “scapegoats” such as Jews, blacks, Gypsies, homosexuals and the mentally ill.
Nazi party policy very racist and anti-Semitic
Widespread discrimination against Jews in Germany
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3. Failure of the League of Nations
Non-intervention is when one does not involve themselves with foreign affairs.
Appeasement is the act of giving into, or satisfying ones demands.
• Canada and most other countries followed a policy of non-intervention and appeasement
The League of Nations was established in 1920 to prevent war, but its decisions were not legally binding
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Limited Membership
•The United States never joined the League
•The Soviet Union joined only in 1934, and was expelled in 1939
•Germany and Japan both withdrew in 1933
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The Manchurian Crisis
• Sept. 1931: Japan invaded Chinese province of Manchuria on the pretext that China attacked Japanese-owned South Manchurian Railroad
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Manchurian Crisis (con’t)• China applied to the League of
Nations for help• The League condemned Japan’s
actions, but there was little support for economic sanctions due to Great Depression
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Italian Invasion of Abyssinia
• Border clash between Abyssinian troops (Africa) and neighboring Italian Somaliland
• Mussolini launched full-scale attack against Abyssinia
• League of Nations imposes boycott against Italy, but little world enthusiasm for sanctions
• England and France took no action against Italy, allowing Italian ships through the Suez canal
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5. Formation of Axis Powers
In 1937 Germany and Italy made a pact not to go to war with each other, later joined by Japan
They became known as the “Axis Powers” during World War Two
Hitler with Mussolini