the roaring 20’s
DESCRIPTION
The Roaring 20’s. An era of prosperity, Republican power, and conflict. 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age" in sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Roaring 20’sThe Roaring 20’sAn era of prosperity,An era of prosperity,
Republican power, Republican power,
and conflictand conflict
1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age""Jazz Age"
in sum, a period of great change in American Society - in sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this timemodern America is born at this time
for first time for first time the census reflected an urban societythe census reflected an urban society - - people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of livingof living
AgeAge of Prosperityof Prosperity Economic expansionEconomic expansion Mass Production Mass Production Assembly LineAssembly Line Age of the AutomobileAge of the Automobile
Ailing Agriculture…Ailing Agriculture…
an an agri. depressionagri. depression in early in early 1920's contributed to this 1920's contributed to this urban migrationurban migration
U.S. farmers lost agri. markets U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europein postwar Europe
at same time agri. efficiency at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food increased so more food produced (more food = lower produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers prices) and fewer labourers neededneeded
so farming was no longer as so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms in their loans (farms repossessed)repossessed)
so American farmers enter the so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the Depression in advance of the rest of societyrest of society
Black Americans in Black Americans in this period continued this period continued to live in povertyto live in poverty
sharecroppingsharecropping kept kept them in them in de factode facto slaveryslavery
1915 - 1915 - boll weevilboll weevil wiped out the cotton wiped out the cotton crop crop
white landowners white landowners went bankrupt & went bankrupt & forced blacks off their forced blacks off their landland
Blacks moved north to take Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime advantage of booming wartime industry (= industry (= Great MigrationGreat Migration) - Black ) - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. ghettoes began to form, i.e. HarlemHarlem
within these ghettoes a distinct Black within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture flourishedculture flourished
But both blacks and whites wanted But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange restrictedcultural interchange restricted
Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Universal Negro Improvement AssociationAssociation
believed in Black pridebelieved in Black pride advocated racial segregation b/c of advocated racial segregation b/c of
Black superiorityBlack superiority Garvey believed Blacks should Garvey believed Blacks should
return to Africareturn to Africa he purchased a ship to start the he purchased a ship to start the
Black StarBlack Star line line attracted many investments: gov't attracted many investments: gov't
charged him with w/fraud charged him with w/fraud he was found guilty and eventually he was found guilty and eventually
deported to Jamaica, but his deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to existorganization continued to exist
Republican PowerRepublican Power President President
HardingHarding Elected 1920Elected 1920 Legacy of Legacy of
Scandals Scandals ““Teapot Dome”Teapot Dome” Died in officeDied in office
PPresident Coolidgeresident Coolidge “The business of America is business.”“The business of America is business.”
Fordney-Fordney-McCumber TariffMcCumber Tariff
Smoot-Hawley Smoot-Hawley TariffTariff
No help for farmersNo help for farmers Foreign PolicyForeign Policy
Consumer EconomyConsumer Economy
Culture of the Roaring 20’sCulture of the Roaring 20’sRadio
KDKA PittsburghGE, Westinghouse,&
RCA form NBC
Silent MoviesCharlie Chaplin
“Talkies”The Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary Pickford“America’s Sweetheart”
CelebritiesCelebritiesBabe Ruth &Ty Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of St. Louis
The 20’s The 20’s isis The Jazz AgeThe Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make upcigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis ArmstrongDuke Ellington
WritersF. Scott FitzgeraldErnest Hemingway
1920's also brought about 1920's also brought about great changes for great changes for women...women...
1920 - 19th Amendment 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal votegave them the federal vote
after 1920, social after 1920, social circumstances changed too circumstances changed too as more women worked as more women worked outside the homeoutside the home
and more women went to and more women went to college and clamoured to college and clamoured to join the professionsjoin the professions
women didn't want to women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains - sacrifice wartime gains - amounted to a social revoltamounted to a social revolt
characterized by the characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new woman"FLAPPER/ "new woman"– (bobbed hair, short dresses, (bobbed hair, short dresses,
smoked in public...)smoked in public...)
A Society in ConflictA Society in Conflict Anti-immigrant Anti-immigrant
– National Origins ActNational Origins Act
– DiscriminationDiscrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti TrialSacco-Vanzetti Trial– Italian immigrantsItalian immigrants
– Unfair trialUnfair trial
for immigrants – the point of origin for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, CatholicOrthodox, Catholic
N. European immigrants of early 19c. N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant valuesundermine Protestant values
this fear was known as NATIVISMthis fear was known as NATIVISM many wanted Congress to restrict many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration, leading to a quota immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of system that favoured n. areas of EuropeEurope
fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.)Rev.)
basic comm. advocates a int'l basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the revolution by the proletariatproletariat/workers - /workers - fears that this ideology could find its fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.way into the U.S.
at this time, W. at this time, W. Wilson was gravely Wilson was gravely ill following a strokeill following a stroke
his Attorney his Attorney General, General, A. Mitchell A. Mitchell PalmerPalmer, wanted to , wanted to take a shot at the take a shot at the presidency - he used presidency - he used fears of both fears of both immigrants and immigrants and communism to his communism to his advantageadvantage
he had he had J. Edgar J. Edgar HooverHoover round up round up suspected radicals, suspected radicals, many of which were many of which were deported (deported (Palmer Palmer RaidsRaids))
The Ku Klux KlanThe Ku Klux Klan Great increase
In powerAnti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-women’s suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Scopes “Monkey” TrialScopes “Monkey” TrialEvolution vs. Creationism
Dayton, TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs. Religion
John ScopesHigh School Biology teacher
ProhibitionProhibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
PROHIBITION - on manuf. PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcoholand sale of alcohol
adopted in 1919 - adopted in 1919 - 18th 18th AMENDMENTAMENDMENT
an outgrowth of the longtime an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movementtemperance movement
in WWI, temperance became a in WWI, temperance became a patriotic mvmt. - drunkenness patriotic mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded needed to treat the wounded
a difficult law to enforce... a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the risebootleggers were on the rise
Al Capone virtually controlled Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period - Chicago in this period - capitalism at its zenith…capitalism at its zenith…
Prohibition finally ended in Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment21st Amendment
forced organized crime to forced organized crime to pursue other interests…pursue other interests…