The Roaring Twenties

1920’s Decade of prosperity, fun and wild

living Era of the “Jazz Age”

New music Fashion Fads

Not ___________for everyone

Adjustment Period Most soldiers returned home 1919

No steady ________ for veterans No special _________ services Few ________

Employers got rich, but veterans did not receive any $$

Wages did not cover the cost of _____

Workers Unrest Strikes: workers demand _________,

better ____________________, ____________ _______ union leaders were more

socialist than East coast Socialist: political and economic

system where _________ and distribution are ________ owned for the benefit of all members in society, people should have more involvement in the government

Workers (cont.) Western union leaders influence by

1917 revolution in Russia, Bolsheviks set up a ____________ regime Communism: means of

production and distribution were _________ owned, no private or individual ownership

Workers Unrest (cont.) Western Labour Conference in March

1919 created One Big Union One Big Union – represent all

Canadian __________ in one organization Help workers establish more control of

industry government through ____________ means

Winnipeg General Strike May 1919: Winnipeg’s metal and

building workers walked off their jobs Demanded higher wages, shorter work

week, right to ___________________ (negotiations between workers and management)

Winnipeg was at a standstill: no firefighters, postal workers, telephone or telegraph services, newspapers, streetcars, bread/milk deliveries

The Winnipeg General Strike (cont.) Business leaders, politicians

industrialists formed ______________________________________________________________ Committee believed that union leaders were

trying to overthrow the government Government amended the

_____________________ to allow foreign born union leaders to be deported

Special police, fired civic workers, strike leaders arrested

Bloody Saturday June 21, 1919: union held parade

to protest The mayor read the ____________

a law declaring a grouping of more than 12 people to be unlawfully assembled

The protest turned violent; Royal North West Mounted Police and special police charged crowd

Strike Aftermath Seven arrested leaders were

convicted of _______________ Striking workers not rehired Divisions between ___________ and

business class grew

Federalism Regionalism: concern of various

different ___________ of the country with their own _________ problems

Maritimes population is a small region therefore they had ________ seats in parliament

Oil replaced coal, yet Maritimes had coal

Formed _____________________________

Federalism/Regionalism (cont.) There were also regional challenges from

Prairies and Ontario Farmers angered by _____________ because

tariffs/duties placed on foreign goods imported into Canada

Farmers wanted __________________, abolish tariffs and allow them to buy cheap machinery

1919 federal Thomas Crerar created the ________________________________________

Wanted a new National Party based on _____________ and ownership of railways

1921 Election MacKenzie King – leader of __________

party Believed in the middle path

Arthur Meighen – leader of the _________________ Believed in principles over compromise;

didn’t care if he offended anyone Liberals elected 117 seats;

Conservatives 55 seats; Progressives 64 seats

1921 Election Liberals were a minority

government Progressive Party did not last very

long 1926 – King challenged by the

Progressives to set up _______________________

Act was passed in 1927: $240/yr

New Independence 1922: King refused to support Britain when

they were invading ________________ 1923: King insisted Canada be allowed to

sign an international treaty known as the __________________________ without British representative’s signature

1926: King challenged Britain's over its influence on Canada’s internal politics known as ___________________

Participated in _____________ Report

Review: King-Byng Crisis 1925 Liberals had to seek Progressive Party

support; only had 101 seats, Conservatives had 116 Liberals lost Progressive Party support

because________________smuggling scandal. Kings ministers were protecting the individuals and

even profiting off of the illegal liquor sales to the United States

Conservatives called for a motion of censure King asked Byng to dissolve parliament; Byng

refused Byng eventually forced to called an election Sept 14, 1926, King won majority.

Halibut Treaty March 2, 1923 Canadian-American agreement concerning

_____________ in the Pacific Ocean Halibut could not be caught in low season Significance: _______ treaty Canada signed

on their own; Britain wanted to sign, but King threatened to send an ___________ representative to Washington

Chanak Crisis September 1922 – Turkish ____________ were

unhappy with loss of territory to Greece Expelled Greeks from Smyrna in August

1922 Lloyd George reinforced British posts in

Chanak King insisted that Canadian Parliament

should decide on the course of___________ the country should follow

Balfour Report There was an Imperial Conference

(1926) Dominions of the British Empire

requested __________________ Autonomy: the freedom to govern

themselves Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

A special committee under Lord Balfour examined the request

Published the Balfour report

Balfour Report Recommendations to allow for

autonomy became law in 1931 when the ____________________ was passed Statute formally turned the British

Empire into the ______________________ Canada now equal in status; entitled

to make its own laws

Balfour Report (cont.)

Two Restrictions: Canada’s constitution, the British

North America Act, remained in Britain, because the Canadian federal and provincial governments could not agree on an ______________________

Procedure for changing the Canadian Constitution

Judicial court of appeal for Canadians resided in Britain until 1949

Economic Boom The 1920’s started in depression. During the 1920’s the US started investing

in Canada’s economy. US Companies set up ‘___________’ which

operated here but for American business men. US enriched Canada’s economy by extracting or

harvesting raw materials (__________ resources) Materials were transported to US for processing

and manufacturing (____________ resources)

Economic Boom (cont.) With the increase in employment

and economic prosperity few Canadians questioned the __________ effects of American involvement.

Economic Boom The 1920’s started in depression. During the 1920’s the US started investing

in Canada’s economy. US Companies set up ‘branch plants’ which

operated here but for American business men. US enriched Canad’a economy by extracting or

harvesting raw materials (primary resources) Materials were transported to US for processing

and manufacturing (secondary resources)

Bootlegging the Border The Women’s Christian Temperance

Union (WCTU) pushed prohibition into legislation in Canada and the US.

By ____________ provincial governments were overturning the decision because of its unpopularity.

The US, however, enforced it until 1933. Canadians sold illegal alcohol over the border for about 10 years.

Prosperity = Urbanization With the new booming economy

Canadians were afforded more opportunities to enjoy the luxuries of life.

_____________ were becoming affordable and popular.

Telephone lines were becoming commonplace for all houses in cities.

Professional sports were also increasing in popularity.