the roaring twenties: domestic affairs
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Libertyville HS. The Roaring Twenties: Domestic affairs. 20s Isolationism: The US Turns Inward. Impact of WWI & the disillusionment w/ the peace Treaty of Versailles Unjust treatment of Germany War Guilt Clause Reparations Disarmament New Map of Europe League of Nations Article X - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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THE ROARING TWENTIES:
DOMESTIC AFFAIRS
Libertyville HS
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20s Isolationism: The US Turns Inward
Impact of WWI & the disillusionment w/ the peace Treaty of Versailles
○ Unjust treatment of Germany○ War Guilt Clause○ Reparations○ Disarmament○ New Map of Europe
League of Nations○ Article X○ Enforcement?
Partisan fighting○ Henry Cabot Lodge v. President
Wilson
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20s Isolationism: The US Turns Inward
Election of 1920Reaction to Wilson’s failing
health, progressive reformsRevolutions abroad, strikes
and dissent at homeTR died in 1919; no obvious
heir to progressive mvt Warren Harding (GOP) –
compromise candidate (“smoke filled room”)
James Cox (D) – OH gov., newspaper ed.
Harding’s “A return to normalcy” resonated w/ US
ResultsHarding 404 ECV / 16.1 millionCox 127 ECV / 9.1 million
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Economic Isolation Tariff increased over the
1920s 1913 = 29% 1922 = 38.5% 1929: Smoot-Hawley =
59.1% (record high) Effects
Int’l trade stagnated Europeans unable to pay
debts to US US, a creditor nation,
developed bad feelings towards Europe
Key component causing Great Depression
A = Smoot Hawley enacted
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Cultural Intolerance Isolationism compatible with
intoleranceGreat Migration led to…
○ Ghettos○ Rebirth of KKK
Scopes “Monkey “ TrialMay evolution be taught in
schools?Scopes (TN teacher) defended
by Clarence DarrowProsecuted by William J. Bryan
(anti-evolution)Verdict: guilty, fined $1Inherit the Wind: Hollywood
version
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Prohibition 1919 Volstead Act
Banned the manufacture, sale transport of 0.5% alcohol
Exception: medicinal, religious purposes
Implemented 18th Am. “The Noble
Experiment”“Wet “= opponent“Dry” = supporter
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Prohibition Was prohibition
successful?NO!!!Rise of organized crime
○ Al Capone (Chicago)○ “Speakeasies” (illicit bar)○ “Hooch” (illicit alcohol)
1928 Wickersham CommissionProhibition should be
continued, despite being a failure
1933: 21st Am. Repealed 18th Am (local option) Can morality be legislated?
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Restrictions on Immigration CausesRejection of EuropeDomestic labor abundanceAmericanization very slowNon-payment of war debt
Legal restrictionsChinese Exclusion Act of
18821907 Gentleman’s
Agreement (US, Japan)○ No more Japanese
immigration○ No discrimination against
current Japanese residents
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Restrictions on Immigration
Legal restrictions 1921 Emergency Quota Act
○ Total of 350k immigrants○ Each nation allowed 3% of the #
currently in the US, as of 1910 1924 Immigration Act
○ No Asians allowed○ Each nation allowed 2% of its 1890
base currently in the US 1929 National Origins Act
○ Total of 150k immigrants○ Each nation allowed 2% of its 1920
base currently living in the US Impact of restrictions
Huge waiting lists Immigration reduced to a trickle
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Labor Strife 1919 – over 2000 major
strikesReaction to restrictions of
war Example
UMW strikeBoston Police strike“There is no right to strike
against public safety by anybody, anywhere, any time!” Gov. Coolidge
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“Red Scare” 1920: Pres Wilson’s AG
Mitchell Palmer identified a communist threat in USLed to “Palmer Raids”:
6000 immigrants detained, 566 deported
Five socialists expelled from NY Assembly
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“Red Scare” 1921: Nicola Sacco &
Bartolomeo Vanzetti caseMurder case of a payroll
clerkLiabilities (against them)
○ Immigrants○ Anarchists○ Atheists○ Italian
Executed in 1927