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The role of Hydrogen in e-Mobility
Pedro
GUEDES DE CAMPOS
20th September 2019
Kozani (Greece)
1st BALKAN
CLEAN ENERGY
TRANSITION
CONFERENCE
2019
AGENDAThe role of Hydrogen in e-Mobility
2
1) Fuel Cells and Hydrogen alignment with Climate Policies
2) FCH JU activity – Transport Demos
3) Major Studies/reports (FCH JU and others)
World Greenhouse gas emissions
3
Target is to stay below +2°C average global warming and to aim for +1.5°C (Paris Climate Agreement)
CO2 and Pollution are the problem
B) Pollution:✓Air pollution is a real problem for the health of EU
citizens (467.000 premature deaths - EEA)✓EU cities forced to shut down due to high
concentration of pollutants
A) CO2 problem:✓Transport CO2 evolution on yearly basis vs 2030/2050
decarbonisation targets shows that the recent economical growth increases the CO2 again.
✓Transport counts for nearly a quarter of the CO2 .
Source: European Environmental Agency
Fuel Cells & Hydrogen technologies in the context of the European Energy policy
5
COMPETI-TIVENESS
SUSTAIN-ABILITY
FUELL CELLS and
HYDROGEN
ENERGY SECURITY
1
23
research excellence leading to industry innovation and growth
• H2 is a clean energy carrier• Transport and Energy applications• Generate electricity and heat with very high efficiency• Enabler of (and means for) storage of intermittent
unreliable renewable energy sources • Reduction of CO2 emissions
Increase independence from unstable outside regions
1
3
2
80-95% CO2
reduction
2020 2030 2050
20% CO2 reduction20% Renewables20% Energy Eff.
40% CO2 reduction2732%* Renewables2732.5%* Energy Eff
Clean Planet for All:
net-0 GHG
* 14 June 2018: Commission, Parliament and Council Political Agreement
Similar leverage of other sources of funding: €892 mn
EUR 418 million
135 projects
EUR 376 million
65 projects
EUR 53 million
40 projects
47%
6%
42%244 projects supported
for €893 mn(H2020)
EUR 46 million
4 projects
5%
Strong public-private partnership with a focused objective
FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN JOINT UNDERTAKING
EnergyH2 production and distribution H2 storage F/C for CHP
TransportRoad vehiclesNon-road vehiclesRefueling infraMaritime, rail and aviation applications
Cross-cuttingstandards, safety, education, consumer awareness, …
A combined private-public of EUR 1.785 billion has been invested to bring products to market readiness by 2020
7
The role of hydrogen in our society & economyHydrogen allows more renewables in the energy system through storage and enables sectoral integration
NG
(2) SECTORAL INTEGRATION
Heating & Cooling
Transport
(1) STORAGE (seasonal)
Industry Feedstock
AGENDAThe role of Hydrogen in e-Mobility
8
1) Fuel Cells and Hydrogen alignment with Climate Policies
2) FCH JU activity – Transport Demos
3) Major Studies/reports (FCH JU and others)
9
TRANSPORT SECTOR
DEMO PROJECTS
10
FCH-JU Research boosts EU supply chain!
EU H2 TANK DEVELOPMENT
• Reduced cost by 5 to 3000€• 20% reduced mass by design• Use of robots to produce
EU FUEL CELL STACK DEVELOPMENT
• Established a EU supply chain for a fuel cell stack.• Standardisation based on OEM requirements
June ’17: 4 German OEM’s will industrialise this stack Nov. ’17: Nikola US truck OEM buy stacks in Sweden
REDUCTION OF CRITICAL RAW MATERIAL (PLATINUM)
• 70% reduction between 1st & 2nd generation • Fuel cell platinum amount about equal to diesel catalyst• 2 projects aiming for zero-platinum
Europe is leading in several parts of the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells technologies sector
11
All FCH-JU projects together will put 1600 vehicles on the EU market to gain experience with the technology
* According to the action plan of Alternative Fuel Directive** McKinsey study: H2 roadmap for Europe, released Oct 2018.
2017 2018 (Today) 2021 20xx 2025
DAIMLER launched GLC
’13 Hyundai IX35
’15 Renault Hykangoo
’15 Toyota Mirai
’16 Honda Clarity
HYUNDAI Nexo NEW TOYOTA MIRAI &
LEXUS (est.) BMW small series
MARKET IN FAST
EXPANSION…
AUDI / VW
model
Next
HONDA
Clarity
• About 1200 FCEV’s on EU roads• EU OEM’s: small demo’s ~2025,
mass production 2025~ (EU OEM’s part of FCH-JU)PSA: start FCV development
• FIA: Start H2 competition in ’24• California & Japan sales are going
fast due to strong policy supportEU mobility package is good chance to catch up
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Nu
mb
er
Jaar
FCEV's on EU roads
Hyundai Ix35 HyKangoo ZE maxi Toyota Mirai Honda Clarity FCX Daimler-Mercedes
Depl…
Plan…
In H2ME projects
1439
333
Roll out of cars by FCH-JU Hydrogen Mobility Europe (H2ME)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Hydrogen fuel cell cars & vans in Europe
EUROPE JAPAN UNITED STATES
EU
JP
US
2018 2020 2022 2025 2030Europe 1.200 - - (0,9 -1 mill)* 1,2 million**China 150 5.000 - 50.000 1 millionJapan 2.500 40.000 - 200.000 800.000
USA 5.000 - - - -S-Korea 0 - 16.000 - -
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 todate Sept
Public hydrogen refueling stations
Japan Europe USA
Source: FCH JU KM data collection file, 20/09/2017, public stationsUSA-DoE & CaFCP, Japan-HySUTTo date ca. S1 2017
Deplo…
Planned
In H2ME projects
10
49
https://h2-map.eu/“H2 live” App
H2 mobility Deutschland* According to the action plan of Alternative Fuel Directive** McKinsey study: H2 roadmap for Europe, released Oct ‘18.
2018 2020 2022 2025 2030
Europe 100 - - (820~842)* 3740**China 12 100 - 350 1000Japan 100 160 - 320 (900)USA 35 100 - 200~225 -S-Korea 0 - 310 - -
Roll-out of the required infrastructure in EuropeEurope installs Hydrogen Refuelling Stations thanks to European programs (FCH-JU & CEF) & national programs.
Development of a system for HRS “real life” availability in the EU
13
The roll-out of hydrogen buses in EuropeEurope is supporting totally 360 Hydrogen buses deployment that lead to a price reduction of 66% vs 2010.
There is an appetite to roll-out more than 1600 buses by 2020 by cities and regions
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0
200.000
400.000
600.000
800.000
1.000.000
1.200.000
1.400.000
1.600.000
1.800.000
2.000.000
Cumulative FCBsCost (€/FCB)
0 # of Units 100
DEPLOYED
PLANNED
Maturity of the Market
10 European OEM’s are developing Hydrogen buses: https://www.fuelcellbuses.eu/
14
In 2017 first trucks appeared on the EU roads and more are to comeWorldwide there is a clear traction towards Hydrogen for trucks due to the limited range of batteries.
ESORO COOP ASKO-SCANIA VDL – COLRUYT
Nicola Truck Toyota Truck @LA port
Partners planning
2,000 commercial
trucks on the road by 2020
FCH-JU started with Fuel Cells in trucks for APU’s but was found to expensive, therefor focus shifted to
developing and testing trucks with range-extenders or fuel cell only e.g.: garbage trucks in mayor cities.
Toyota and 7-
eleven
collaboration
FCH-JU H2ME project
Batt+REREVIVE: H2 Garbage
Trucks in 8 EU cities 2018: Heavy Duty truck
call for proposal
Call 2018: 1 successful proposal under signature
Hyundai
truck
15
• 42% of EU railway not electrified• H2 train requires less investment
than full electric train (catenary 1 million € / km)
• 17 Sept. ’18 commercial operation starts in Germany. Other EU countries are on the way
• FCH-JU + S2R JU cooperating in a joined study to look at business cases beyond Regional trains - 20% by 2030*
Rail discovered Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
The first business models are appearing
* Base scenario market share in EU by 2030 achieved by H2 powered trains (28% for frontrunners, 11% for newcomers and 9% for later adopters)https://fch.europa.eu/news/new-study-shows-good-potential-hydrogen-powered-trains-europe
16
Maritime discovering Hydrogen and Fuel CellsTo accelerate the decarbonisation of Maritime, regulation for hydrogen need to be prepared
IMO targets are not achievable with current technologies,
converting the entire fleet to LNG will not be sufficient.
Urgent need to regulate H2 for ships
• IMO April 2018: “at least 50% of CO2 reduction by 2050”
MARANDA: H2 PEMFC based hybrid powertrain for marine
applications, validated on board the research vessel Aranda
DURATION: 2017-2021FCH JU: ~€3mn
PURE aims at developing auxiliary power units
(APUs) for recreational yachts
DURATION: 2013-2016FCHJU Funding ~€1.6mn
FC for port/harbor ecosystems
DURATION: 2019-2022FCH JU: €5mn; €4mn
• Further R&D needed e.g. L H2 storage, MW scale Fuel Cells,…
Mid-size passenger ships of inland freight
17
Aviation sees a future in Hydrogen for small planesHydrogen in the aviation sector causes much less noise and no pollution.
• HYCARUS is a FCH JU project where the kitchenette runs entirely on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Maiden flight: October 2018
FC PEM system for propulsion of regional passenger aircraft; LH2
4M€ Call 2018: 1 successfulproposal under GAP
• In 2016 first 4-seater plane propelled by H2 took off from Bonn airport
• Development of H2 powered small business jets ongoing ~2030
HEAVEN (call 2018)
Decarbonising the European transport sectorAllowing to meet the European CO2 targets
Advancing on “fleet case” deployments
Towards larger fleets demand (and new business models)
Spreading and speeding H2 mobility
Expanding business cases and reaching out new markets
Supporting the first best fit per application
18
AGENDAThe role of Hydrogen in e-Mobility
19
1) Fuel Cells and Hydrogen alignment with Climate Policies
2) FCH JU activity – Transport Demos
3) Major Studies/reports (FCH JU and others)
PAGE 20
TOGETHER WITH AN INDUSTRY COALITION, A HYDROGEN ROADMAP FOR EUROPEHAS BEEN DEVELOPED
▪ Study by the FCH JU, supported by Hydrogen Europe and 17 companies and organizations along the whole value chain of hydrogen
▪ First comprehensive quantified European perspective for deployment of hydrogen and fuel cells in two scenarios
– Ambitious, yet realistic two-degree scenario and business-as-usual scenario
– Long-term potential
– Roadmap with intermediate milestones
– Recommendations to kickstart
PAGE 21
ACROSS APPLICATIONS HYDROGEN CAN CLOSE HALF OF THE GAP TOWARDS THE 2DS
1 2-degree scenario 2 Please see the chapter on renewables and power for information on the role of hydrogen as enabler of a renewable power system. The "enabled" carbon abatement from renewables is not included here and is an additional benefit of hydrogen for decarbonization
SOURCE: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2017; Hydrogen Roadmap Europe team
508
CO2 abatement potential of hydrogen
Total gap to reach 2DS1 in 2050
Remaininggap
1,070 562
Closing ~50% of gap
Replacement of natural gas for process heat
Replacement of combustion engines with FCEVs, in particular in buses and trucks, taxis and vans as well as larger passenger vehiclesDecarbonization of aviation fuel through synthetic fuels based on hydrogenReplacement of diesel-powered trains and oil-powered ships with hydrogen fuel-cell-powered units
Decarbonization of natural gas grid through blendingUpgrade of natural gas to pure hydrogen grid
Integration of renewables into the power sector2
Power generation from renewable resources
Switch from blast furnace to DRI steelReplacement of natural gas as feedstock in combination with CCU
Segments Hydrogen decarbonization leversCarbon emissions gap to reach 2DS1 in 2050, Mt
Industry heat
Power generation
Transportation
Heating and power for buildings
Industry feedstock
▪ 2-3 wheelers▪ Passenger vehicles▪ Taxis and vans▪ Buses and trucks▪ Forklifts
▪ Aviation▪ Shipping▪ Rail
▪ Heating and power for buildings
▪ Power generation, balancing, buffering
▪ High-grade heat▪ Medium-grade heat
▪ Low-grade heat
Existing: ▪ Ammonia, methanol▪ Refining▪ Metal processing
New:▪ Steelmaking (DRI)▪ CCU (methanol, olefins,
BTX)
PAGE 22
Business as usual scenarioAmbitious scenario Start of commercialization Mass market acceptability1
Today 2020 25 30 35 40 2045
Medium and large cars
Small cars
Steelmaking6
Transportation4
Industry feedstock
7
Trams/railways
Vans
Coaches
City buses
Taxis
Industry heat6 Low/medium industry heat
High-grade industry heat
Existing: refining4, chemicals (production of ammonia, methanol, and others), metal processing
CCU (methanol, olefins, BTX)5
Heating and power for buildings3
5
Pure hydrogen heating
Blended hydrogen heating
mCHPs2
Forklifts
Power generation
1
TrucksSynfuel
(freight ships and aviation)
Power generation,balancing, buffering
HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY EXISTS AND IS READY TO BE DEPLOYEDROADMAP
1 Defined as sales >1% within segment; 2 mCHPs sales in EU independent of fuel type (NG or H2); 3 Pure and blended H2 refer to shares in total heating demand; 4 Refining includes hydro-cracking, hydro-treating, bio-refinery; 5 Market share refers to the amount of production that uses hydrogen and captured carbon to replace feedstock; 6 CDA process and DRI with green H2, iron reduction in blast furnaces, and other low-carbon steel making processes using H2
SOURCE: Hydrogen Roadmap Europe team
PAGE 23
1 Including feedstock; 2 Compared to the reference scenario; 3 Excluding indirect effects1 Including feedstock 2 Compared to the reference technology scenario 3 Excluding indirect effects
2050 hydrogen vision
~24%
of final energy demand1
~15%
reduction of local emissions (NOx)
relative to road transport
~560 Mt
annual CO2
abatement2
~EUR 820bn
annual revenue (hydrogen and
equipment)
~5.4m
jobs (hydrogen, equipment, supplier
industries)3
CO2
BESIDES CO2 ABATEMENT, DEPLOYMENT OF THE HYDROGEN ROADMAP ALSO CUTS LOCAL EMISSIONS, CREATES NEW MARKETS AND SECURES SUSTAINABLE EMPLOYMENT IN EUROPE
SOURCE: Hydrogen Roadmap Europe team
24
Tech development and climate goals push further cheaper RES uptake which in turn requires and boosts cheap green H2 offtake World wide
Strommarkttreffen.org, Synthetic fuels and chemicals: options and systemic impact, 2018
https://www.strommarkttreffen.org/2018-06-29_Fasihi_Synthetic_fuels&chemicals_options_and_systemic_impact.pdf
IEA (Report prepared by the IEA for the G20, Japan), The Future of Hydrogen: Seizing Today’s Opportunities, 14 June 2019
https://webstore.iea.org/the-future-of-hydrogen
25
Study on “Early Business Cases for Power-to-Hydrogen (PtH) in Europe” https://www.fch.europa.eu/publications/study-early-business-cases-h2-energy-storage-and-more-broadly-power-h2-applications (June 2017)
Opens new pathways for PtH and enables new business models that can be highly complementary and symbiotic with RES projects (cPPA).
• Key variables for the profitability of PtH:
• Size of the electrolyser - scale effect
• Time of deployment - maturity of the technology is still increasing and so are sizes which, together with higher deployment rates will bring further down its CAPEX
• Value of the hydrogen produced - and the grid services the electrolyser can deliver
• Electricity cost for running the electrolyser
AGENDAThe role of Hydrogen in e-Mobility
26
1) FCH alignment with Climate Policies
2) FCH JU activity – Transport Demos
3) Major Studies/reports (FCH JU & others)
√ Paris, EC , FCHJU full alignment!
√ Pushing TRL and boosting deployment!
√ H2 as enabler of cheap intermittent RES (cheap green H2)
√ H2 to boost growth & jobs and technology leadership
√ H2 to create EU value added at regional level
√ H2 as enabler of RES to decarbonise heavy usages
For further informationwww.fch.europa.eu
www.hydrogeneurope.euwww.nerghy.eu
Pedro GUEDES DE CAMPOSFinancial Engineering Officer
@fch_ju
FCH JU