THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND WHY IT EXISTS

Pondering Questions

On a sheet of paper, answer the following questions:1. Are humans naturally good or evil? Support your

decision with evidence.2. Do you think we are the way we are because of

how we are genetically made or because of the environment around us?

3. Why do you think having a government is essential for society to function?

4. What is the relationship of the government and the people? Who holds the power?

When completed, discuss your answers with a partner and be ready to share your answers with the class.

The Social Contract

Two philosophers epitomize each side of the debate around human nature and their relationship with Government.

On a piece of paper, draw a T-Chart with “Hobbes” on one side and “Locke” on the other. Take notes on what each of the philosophers think about Human Nature and the role of the government in society.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oC8tiZ1Shg

Social Contract

Hobbes: People need a strong government to enforce laws and keep the peace. People give up their rights to a dictator in order to

be protected Locke: people give up their freedom in order to

secure their life, liberty and property People would vote for who would rule society and

the ruler would be accountable to the people Which of the philosophers do you think most

resembles your personal view of human nature? Write down three supportive reasons why you

think that way

What is government?

The people and institutions put in place to run or govern a country, state, province or community.

The role of government is to make decisions and regulations (laws) for the people for whom it is responsible.

The purpose of government is to protect its citizens and provide services to support them.

Role of Government

To make sure: everyone is treated equally, fairly, and with

respect we are safe from crime and violence everyone is healthy and well educated our country is prosperous with good jobs our environment is healthy and resources are

used wisely everyone has a say in who governs us we have good roads, safe water, and garbage

collection we take care of citizens who need our help

Role of Government

Look at the previous list and determine: Which two roles do you think are the most

important? Which two roles do you think are the least

important? Discuss with a partner and prepare to

share with the class.

How do governments compare?

There are different types governments around the world and they can be compared in the following ways:a) Who receives powerb) How they are formedc) The rights and freedoms given to citizens

Autocratic Government

A system of government run by a ruler with total power and authority over all aspects of life.

The ruler is called a dictator and often has the support of the military without the consent of the people.

Individual rights, freedoms and liberties are restrictive or non-existent, and human rights abuses are common.

High level of security and restricted media. Examples: North Korea, Syria, Kazakhstan.

Oligarchy

A system of government where the power rests with a few people.

Power is determined by family or wealth. Citizens have some rights and freedoms. Examples: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait.

Democratic Government

A system of government in which power is retained by all the people, either directly or indirectly through elected representatives.

Citizens have access to power and these countries have free and fair elections.

Generally free societies where citizens have guaranteed rights and freedoms.

Examples: Canada, United States, Japan, Germany.

Theocratic Government

A system of government where a god or deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler.

Government policy is determined by religious leaders who are seen to be directly guided by a god or deity.

Laws are interpreted by religious authorities, such as bishops or mullahs, and are enforced by religious officials.

Examples: Iran, Vatican City.