the role of mediterranean wetlands in climate … · 2019-06-23 · the project climawet, funded...
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THE ROLE OF MEDITERRANEAN
WETLANDS IN CLIMATE REGULATION
Antonio [email protected]
València, May 9th, 2019
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CLIMATE CHANGE?
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C-SEQUESTRATION
CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION vs
MITIGATION
CARBON CYCLE inecosystems is relevant for:
►Main ecosystem functions
►Ecosystem services (climatic regulation)
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► On a wide sense (e.g. Ramsar definition), lakes and wetlands occupy 4 to 6% of earth surface.
► But overall they are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth (estimated PPR of 4-9×1015
g dw per year), but they also account for 24-40 % of global methane emissions.
► Because of its high rates of biological processes, determined by the presence of water, wetlands
can act either as source or sink of carbon thus contributing in a significant way to the atmospheric
carbon balance.
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Group 31 - Standing Waters
NATURA 2000
https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/espacios-protegidos/red-
natura-2000/rn_tip_hab_esp_bases_eco_preliminares.aspx
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The project CLIMAWET, funded by:
aims to evaluate the potential role of the main Mediterranean Iberian lakes
and wetland types in carbon sequestration and thereby its possible
contribution to the mitigation of climate change
Our main goal was to determine if the studied lakes/wetland types act as a
source or as a sink of carbon after estimating the balance between carbon
sequestration and emissions, and also make prognoses on future climate
change scenarios
►This work presents a theoretical and methodological framework for the carbon
cycle, focusing on freshwater ecosystems as an example, from which the carbon
balance could be estimated.
+ Upcoming projects
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1.3.2.7.- Lagunas y humedales someros no salinos
(origen morfoestructural) de aguas ácidas y/o de baja
alcalinidad (en rañas)
- 1.3.2.7.1- Lagunas y humedales someros no salinos
(origen morfoestructural) de aguas ácidas y/o de baja
alcalinidad permanentes
- 1.3.2.7.2- Lagunas y humedales someros no salinos
(origen morfoestructural) de aguas ácidas y/o de baja
alcalinidad temporales
1.3.2.5.- Lagunas someras salinas (origen kárstico
inducido, karst no funcional, u otros orígenes).
- 1.3.2.5.1- Lagunas temporales someras hipo-
mesosalinas
- 1.3.2.5.2- Lagunas temporales someras hipersalinas
- 1.3.2.5.3- Lagunas salinas temporales bicarbonatado-
sódicas
- 1.3.2.5.4- Lagunas salinas permanentes
1.3.2.2. – Lagos y humedales de alta montaña
(morfogénesis glaciar o periglaciar)
-1.3.2.2.1- Lagos y lagunas de alta montaña de origen
glaciar, septentrionales y centrales.
-1.3.2.2.2- Lagos y lagunas de alta montaña de origen
glacio-karstico, septentrionales y centrales.
-1.3.2.2.3- Lagos y lagunas de alta montaña meridionales
-1.3.2.2.4- Humedales de alta montaña (¿turberas?)
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Aerobic respiration
Methanogenesis
Other anaerobic respirations
Wetland
C pool
Atmospheric C
pool
Photosynthesis
CO2, CH4
OC
IC
Study of the metabolisms involved in the wetland’s carbon cycle…
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Helophytes photosynthesis(CO2)
Planktonphotosynthesis
(CO2)
CH4 emission
Chemical precipitation (CaCO3)
Inputs vs. Outputs
Planktonrespiration
(CO2)
Benthosphotosynthesis
(CO2)
Benthos respiration (CO2)
CH4 emission
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PLANKTON GPP AND RESPIRATION: WINKLER BOTTLES
BENTHOS GPP AND RESPIRATION: BENTHIC JARS
METHANE EMISSIONS: SEDIMENT CORESFLOW CHAMBERS
HELOPHYTES PRODUCTION: DRY WEIGHT
Inputs vs. Outputs
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Alcahozo Camino de Villafranca Grande de Villafranca
Salicor
Grande de Quero
Larga de Villacañas Las Yeguas La Veguilla Longar Manjavacas
TírezMermejuela Peñahueca
Alcahozo Camino de Villafranca Grande de Villafranca
Salicor
Grande de Quero
Larga de Villacañas Las Yeguas La Veguilla Longar Manjavacas
TírezMermejuela Peñahueca
Alcahozo Camino de Villafranca Grande de Villafranca
Salicor
Grande de Quero
Larga de Villacañas Las Yeguas La Veguilla Longar Manjavacas
TírezMermejuela Peñahueca
Alcahozo Camino de Villafranca Grande de Villafranca
Salicor
Grande de Quero
Larga de Villacañas Las Yeguas La Veguilla Longar Manjavacas
TírezMermejuela Peñahueca
Alcahozo Camino de Villafranca Grande de Villafranca
Salicor
Grande de Quero
Larga de Villacañas Las Yeguas La Veguilla Longar Manjavacas
TírezMermejuela Peñahueca
Identification and delineation of main wetlands components and hydroperiod by remote sensing techniques
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Primary
production
Helophytes production
External inputs
Respiration
Methane emissions
C-capture
SINKS
C-release
SOURCES
Role of chemical processes
Role of chemical processes
… in order to determine the carbon balance of each aquatic ecosystem type
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MOROS-1Restored and managed
-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500
C budget (g C m-2 y-1)
GPP plankton
Resp plankton
GPP benthos
Resp benthos
CH4
Helophytes
PEGO-2Morphologically altered
PEGO-1Restored
MOROS-2Hydromorph. altered
C-sink C-source
CARBON BALANCE IN
COASTAL FRESHWATER WETLANDS
Morant, Camacho et al. Inland Waters (in press)
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-2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
GWP balance (mg CO2-eq m-2 y-1)
GPP plankton
Resp plankton
GPP benthos
Resp benthos
CH4
Helophytes
PEGO-2Morphologically altered
PEGO-1Restored
MOROS-2Hydromorph. altered
MOROS-1Restored and managed
Mitigating capacity Warming capacity
WARMING POTENTIAL BALANCE IN
COASTAL FRESHWATER WETLANDS
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RESTORATION
Mitigating capacityALTERATION
Warming capacity
MOROS-1Restored, managed
PEGO-2Morph. altered
PEGO-1Restored
MOROS-2Hydrom. altered
EFFECTS OF ALTERATION IN
COASTAL FRESHWATER WETLANDS
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WHAT ABOUT
THE FUTURE
PROSPECTS?
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Effect of environmental variables on GPP, Respiration and CH4 production
Sediment cores/lake:
• Temperature (4, 14, 20, 24, 30ºC)
• Salinity (0.2x, 0.5x, 1x, 2x, 5x)
• Water column vs. wet sediment
Acclimated in climate-controlled rooms for 4 days in 12 hours light/dark cycles.
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Camacho et al. (2017). Water 9: 659
Exponential increase with temperature
Strong direct dependence of methane
emissions with temperature.
Exponential decrease with increased salinity
Methane production is inhibited by high
salinities
THE MAJOR ROLE OF METHANE EMISSIONS
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Source: IPCC
RCP (Representative
Concentration Pathways)
% D
ec
rea
se
of
Pre
cip
ita
tio
ns
Ma
xim
um
tem
pe
ratu
rein
cre
me
nt
(ºC
)
Response of the biogeochemical cycles to the climate change effects by the study of the carbon cycle in
future climatic scenarios
Climate change scenarios
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WATER DEPTH (m)
METHANE EMISSION (mg C m-2 d-1)
Precipitation (m)ET0 (m)
Aquifer Recharge
Water Volume(m3)
Water Surface (m2)
Soilmoisture
PLANKTON RESP. (mg C m-2 d-1)
PLANKTON GPP (mg C m-2 d-1)
CH4 EBULLITION (dehydratation)
T average (ºC)
CH4
EBULLITION f(T)
T water (ºC)Chemicalprecipitation
BENTHOS RESP. f(T)
T water (ºC)Daily light hours
Water Surface (m2)
PLANKTON RESP. f(T)
Water Surface (m2)
PLANKTON GPP f(T)
BENTHOS GPP f(T)
TOTAL CARBON BALANCE (mg C m-2 d-1)
Runoff
HELOPHYTES PRODUCTION (mg C m-2 d-1)
CARBON SINK CARBON SOURCE
GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION BALANCE RESPIRATION BALANCE METHANE BALANCE
Water Surface (m2)
HYDROLOGICAL BALANCE
CLIMATIC PARAMETERS
Precipitation (mm)
Daily light hours
T average (ºC)
T MAX (ºC)
T min (ºC)ET0 (mm)
R0 (mm d-1)
T water (ºC)
BENTHOS RESP. (mg C m-2 d-1)
BENTHOS GPP (mg C m-2 d-1)
Conductivity(mS cm-1)
Sal. factor
OVERALL CARBON BALANCE - MODELLING
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-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
RCP 2.6 RCP 4.5 RCP 6.0 RCP 8.5
Δb
ala
nce
s (g
C /
C-e
qm
-2y-1
)
Pego 1 site (scenarios 2050)
Δ C-Balance Δ GWP-Balance
0
500
1000
1500
RCP 2.6 RCP 4.5 RCP 6.0 RCP 8.5
Δb
alan
ces
(g C
/ C
-eq
m-2
y-1)
Pego 2 site (scenarios 2050)
Δ C-Balance Δ GWP-Balance
RESTORED
ALTERED
Increases of the sink capacity (negative C-balance)
Decreases of the warming capacity (negative GWP-balance)
Reduction of the sink capacity
Increases of the warming capacity
CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON COASTAL
FRESWATER WETLANDS
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A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
MANAGEMENT vs
ECOLOGICAL VALUES
BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF “LA MANCHA HÚMEDA”
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A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
MANAGEMENT vs
REGULATORY SERVICES
BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF “LA MANCHA HÚMEDA”
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Moltes gràcies per la vostra atenció
Muchas gracias por vuestra atención
Thank you for your attention
e-mail: [email protected]
HELP NATURE TO HELP US!!!
EACH DROP MATTERS!!!