the role of the national germplasm system to conserve ash seed
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Role of the NPGS in Conservation of Ash Germplasm
Jeffrey D. CarstensUSDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant
Introduction StationAmes, Iowa
![Page 2: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS)
A network of genebanks coordinated by USDA-ARS
Including… Regional Plant Introduction Stations National Center for Genetic Resources
Preservation Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN
database)
![Page 3: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NCRPIS Station – Ames, Iowa
![Page 5: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
NPGS Mission
• Our mission is to conserve genetically-diverse plant germplasm and associated information and provide germplasm for research, crop improvement and product development.
![Page 6: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station
![Page 7: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Approximately 1,800 AccessionsFraxinus – 23% - AshCornus – 11% - DogwoodBetula – 8% - BirchGymnocladus – 4% - Kentucky coffeetreeAronia – 4% - Aronia berryAlnus – 4% - AlderRhus – 4% - SumacSalix – 4% - WillowEuonymus – 3% - WahooOther – 35%
NCRPIS Trees and Shrubs
![Page 8: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
NPGS Activities• Acquire• Regenerate• Maintain• Characterize/Evaluate• Document• Distribute
![Page 9: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
NPGS Activities• Acquire
– Collecting– Donations– Collaboration
Ben Vandermyde, Jon Schultz, & Andy Schmitz
![Page 10: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Abies balsamea – Balsam Fir
Betula pumila – Bog Birch
![Page 11: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Spiraea alba - Meadowsweet
Malus ioensis – Prairie Crabapple
![Page 12: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Betula alleghaniensis – Yellow Birch
![Page 13: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Viburnum opulus var. americanum –American Cranberry Bush
Juglans cinerea - Butternut
![Page 14: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Euonymus atropurpureaus –Eastern Wahoo
Phlox pilosa subsp. fulgida – Prairie Phlox
![Page 15: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Diervilla lonicera – Bush Honeysuckle
![Page 16: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Kentucky coffeetree – Roger Mills Co., OK – 17 March 2015
Kentucky coffeetree (potential state champion) Major Co., OK 18 March 2015 Kentucky coffeetree – Harrison Co., KY
(current state champion)4 March 2013
![Page 17: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
NC7 Kentucky coffeetree Sites
Native distribution of Gymnocladus dioicus (Little, 1999) across Level III Omernik Ecoregions (Omernik, 2005) marking the locations of current NPGS collections ( ), locations of collections obtained in 2015 ( ).
![Page 18: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
RopeBoss®
Jameson BigShot®
Pocket Chain Saw
![Page 19: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
NPGS Activities• Regenerate
– Cage– Hand– Isolation
![Page 20: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Field Plots
![Page 21: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
NPGS Activities• Maintain
– Seeds• Storage conditions
– 4C, -18C, LN2
– Plants
![Page 22: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
NPGS Activities• Maintain
– Testing on 5 or 10 year cycles
![Page 23: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
NPGS Activities• Maintain
– Recently…..
Volk, G.M., Bonnart, R.M., Waddell, J.W., Widrlechner, M.P. 2009. Cryopreservation Of Dormant Buds From Diverse Fraxinus Species. CryoLetters. 30:262-267.
Results:- Cryopreservation is a viable option for successfully preserving Fraxinus budwood.
![Page 24: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
NPGS Activities• Characterize/Evaluate
Insect resistanceDisease resistanceCold hardinessAgronomic performance Ornamental value
![Page 26: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
NPGS Activities• Distribute to qualified scientists
– NCRPIS: 40,000 units - seed or plants/year – NPGS: 200,000 units
![Page 27: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Why Preserve Genetic Diversity……?– Historical……
• Early 1900’s – Chestnut Blight• Mid 1900’s – Dutch Elm Disease
– Currently…..–Thousand Canker Disease–Bur oak blight and sudden oak death
–Emerald Ash Borer
![Page 28: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Plant Genetic Resources• Provide potential resistance to…
– Biotic stresses• Disease• Insect
– Abiotic stresses• Drought/Flooding• Heat/Cold Tolerance (climate change)
![Page 29: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Growth Response to Moisture Balance• Foliar diseases (+ moisture balance)
• Provides the moisture necessary for the “disease triangle”
• Plant performance linked to source• Moving from “+” to a “-” = good….• Moving from a “-” to a “+” = bad….
![Page 32: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Ash Conservation Project
A cooperative process involving USDA-ARS NPGS Forest Service Natural Resources Conservation Service Seeds of Success Canadian Forest Service Tribal governments State agencies
![Page 34: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
GOAL• Create a comprehensive collection of
North American Ash through a systematic approach• Obtain genetically diverse material• Document associated collection information• Preserve material via seed samples and/or
cryopreservation of budwood
![Page 35: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
PROGRESS (NC7)• Currently 401 accessions (~ 2,000 samples)
• 74% U.S.A. and 14% Foreign• ~ 225 accessions available
– 41% green– 31% white– 13% blue– 10% black– 2% pumpkin– msc. – spp. or western spp.
![Page 36: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
McLean Co., Illinois
![Page 37: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Tulsa Co., Oklahoma
![Page 38: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Blue Ash Seeds
![Page 39: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Pureswaran, D. S., & Poland, T. M. (2009). Host selection and feeding preference of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on ash (Fraxinus spp.). Environmental Entomology, 38(3), 757-765.
![Page 40: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Tanis, S. R., & McCullough, D. G. (2012). Differential persistence of blue ash and white ash following emerald ash borer invasion. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42(8), 1542-1550.
![Page 41: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Tanis, S. R., & Mccullough, D. G. (2015). Host resistance of five Fraxinus species to Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and effects of paclobutrazol and fertilization. Environmental entomology, 44(2), 287-299.
![Page 42: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
NC7 Blue Ash Collections
Native distribution of Fraxinus quadrangulata (Little, 1999) across Level III Omernik Ecoregions (Omernik, 2005) marking the locations of current NPGS collections.
![Page 43: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Sampling Protocol• Based on Omernik Level III Ecoregions• Stratified sampling
• Distance• Soil types• Size/age• Disease/insect resistance• Perimeter and interior samples
![Page 44: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Hope to sampleWestern Corn Belt Plains Ecoregion
![Page 45: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Target Areas• Those closest to EAB infestations• Natural areas/state preserves
• High quality material - local origin• Isolated areas
• Isolated from cultivated specimens
![Page 46: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Pinpointing Specific Sites• Herbariums• Literature search• Local contacts • Associate species
• Blue ash (Kentucky coffeetree/Paw paw)• Black ash (Skunk cabbage, Larch, Poison sumac)
![Page 47: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Accession Assignment• Population (variable in size) = single accession
• Multiple trees sampled (10-15) = lot #• E.g. tree 1 – Ames 30001 - 12ncao01• E.g. tree 2 – Ames 30001 - 12ncao02
• Each sample – GPS coordinates and location info.
![Page 48: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Requesting Germplasm• Material distributed to “qualified scientists”
– Crop development/improvement– Research/education
• Order – GRIN database• Indicate organization• Intended use• Select accessions
![Page 49: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Requesting Germplasm
![Page 50: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Benefits of Genetic Diversity• Access to a diverse list of species to
maintain and/or increase biological diversity
• Access to high-quality, adaptable plant germplasm for specific sites/areas today or in the future
![Page 51: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Questions?Andrew P. Schmitz – Brenton Arboretum – Dallas Center, IowaJeffrey D. Carstens – NCRPIS - Ames, Iowa
![Page 52: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Green ash – Union Co., IL 10 October 2008
Green ash – St. Croix Co., WI 5 October 2010
![Page 53: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Fraxinus nigra – Hardin Co., Iowa
![Page 54: The Role of the National Germplasm System to conserve Ash Seed](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103106/586bd63a1a28ab42788ba2b1/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Sampling Protocol• Underlying concept
• Capture maximum genetic variation• # of samples needed - determined via documenting allelic
diversity• Marshall and Brown 1975 – population = sampling unit (50
individuals)• Lawrence-Marshall-Davies 1995 – species = sampling unit (172
individuals)• Do NOT address population structure nor indicate number
of populations to sample• Limited, replicated research to each Fraxinus spp., across multiple
geographic areas/habitats, addressing differences in species distribution/abundance as well as mating structure/pollen dispersal
• As a collector, use your knowledge and expertise to determine proper sample size at each site if no published or general data is available