THE ROMAN EMPERORS

Information for teachers For students

Given this PowerPoint, students will be able to identify the years which an emperor reigned, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.

Given this PowerPoint, students will name who an emperor allied with, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.

Given this PowerPoint, students will identify which emperor reigned during a certain battle or conquest, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.

Given this PowerPoint, students will be able to identify how an emperor died, taking a quiz with 80% accuracy.

OBJECTIVES

Grades 9-12

History class with basic knowledge of the Roman Empire.

Standard high school students

Middle class community

TARGET AUDIENCE

At home or at a computer lab alone

Quiet area conducive to learning

Access to paper/pencil to take notes if desired

LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

MAIN MENU

3. Practice Quiz

1. Emperors

4. Quiz

2. Summary Video

5. References

EMPERORS

1. Julius Caesar

3. Tiberius 4. Caligula

2. Augustus

JULIUS CAESAR

Lived 100 BC – 44 BC

Reigned as emperor 46 BC – 44 BC During this time he helped

gradually transform the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.

BACKGROUND

The nobility in Rome was in chaos and there was a strong need for direction.

Caesar allied himself against the nobility and slowly gained power. He became the governor of Farther Spain Then, in 60 BC he returned to Rome and was elected

consul.

GAINING POWER

Caesar now allied himself with Pompey, a war hero, and Crassus, a multimillionaire.

Although Pompey and Crassus were rivals, Caesar brought them together forming a powerful “fi rst triumvirate”.

FIRST TRIUMVIRATE

Pompey Crassus

Occurred 51 BC

By conquering Gaul, Rome’s territory was extended to the English Channel and the Rhine.

Then, they built a bridge across the Rhine and invaded Britain.

CONQUEST OF GAUL

The Roman Republic after Caesar’s conquests

Crassus died in battle in 53 BC

Pompey was jealous of Caesar’s success so he turned on Caesar and joined the Senate in a revolt against him.

They accused Caesar of treason and insubordination.

FAILING ALLIANCE

Feeling threatened, Caesar took a legion of troops across the Rubicon river in to Italy in January 49 BC and started a civil war.

Caesar was victorious and was made dictator of Rome Caesar still felt threatened, and since he had no sons he

adopted his nephew Augustus to take over when he died.

CIVIL WAR

Augustus

A group of senators, led by Marcus Brutus, assassinated Julius Caesar on the Ides of March (March 15 44 BC)

This led to a series of civil wars and then Caesar’s adopted son Augustus took over and established the Roman Empire.

THE IDES OF MARCH

AUGUSTUS

Augustus was originally named Octavius

He lived 62 BC- 14 ADHe was adopted by Caesar to be

his heirWhen Caesar was assassinated,

Augustus took over and ruled 27 BC- 14 AD

He is considered the fi rst emperor of the Roman Empire

BACKGROUND

Augustus formed a second triumvirate with Marc Antony, a general.

Together, they expanded the empire and split the profi t. Augustus took Rome Antony took Egypt

SECOND TRIUMVIRATE

Marc Antony

Antony fell in love with Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt.Augustus was concerned that Cleopatra wanted his

throne, so tensions were high and the second triumvirate dissolved.

AN ALLIANCE THREATENED

With the alliance broken, in 31 BC Augustus attacked Egypt and destroyed the majority of the Egyptian fleet. So the Roman Empire expanded to include Egypt.

After his defeat in the Battle of Actium, Marc Antony committed suicide.

BATTLE OF ACTIUM

At this point, Augustus was now considered the emperor of Rome.

He was gaining power because of fi nancial resources, loyalty of soldiers and veterans, authority of honors granted by the Senate, and the respect of the people.

He was able to eliminate Senate opposition with his army.

BECOMING EMPEROR

Pax Romana means “Roman peace”

For two centuries he was able to keep Rome peaceful.

He expanded the Empire to include Egypt, northern Spain, central Europe, and Germany.

He also made peace with Parthia through diplomacy.

PAX ROMANA

Augustus improved Rome by: Reforming taxation system Developing networks of

roads Establishing a standing

army Establishing the Praetorian

Guard Creating offi cial police and

fire-fighting services

BUILDING A CITY

Augustus died in 14 BCThe Senate declared him a god to be worshipped by

the Romans.The eighth month of the Roman calendar was

renamed Augustus after him (August in English).

END OF HIS REIGN

TIBERIUS

Lived 42 BC-37 ADHis mother divorced and

remarried Augustus, making Tiberius the step-son of Augustus.

He was later adopted by Augustus.

Tiberius reigned as emperor 14 AD-37 AD

BACKGROUND

In order to gain the Senate’s trust, he tried to act reluctant to accept his power. His attempts failed and he looked derisive and obstructive. He was not trusted.

TROUBLE EARLY ON

Armies were threatening to mutiny because they had not received their bonus that Augustus had promised them.

Tiberius sent his nephew Germanicus to alleviate the problem.

Germanicus rallied the troops and led them to victory against Germanic tribes. Whatever treasure the troops could fi nd was their bonus.

GERMANICUS

Because of his eff orts, Germanicus was gaining popularity.

Tiberius was afraid of losing his throne to Germanicus, so he appointed him to be the governor of a remote eastern province.

Germanicus mysteriously died in 19 AD. It is thought that Tiberius was behind it.

THE FALL OF GERMANICUS

Tiberius decided to rely on Lucius Sejanus.

Slowly, Tiberius began to withdraw from his responsibilities. In 26 AD, he withdrew to

Villa Jovis at the island of Capri and left Sejanus in charge of Rome.

A NEW STRATEGY

Ruins of Villa Jovis

Sejanus abused the power given to him by removing Senators or any possible threats from their positions.

He also killed Germanicus’ entire family except for Caligula, the youngest son.

A MISTAKE

Sejanus

Sejanus was creating a plot to overthrow Tiberius and take over the throne.

However, Tiberius found out and sent a letter to the Senate. It condemned Sejanus and ordered his execution.

A PLOT

Tiberius died in 37 AD.Tiberius was very unpopular among the Romans and

no one mourned his death.Caligula, the only remaining son of Germanicus, took

over the throne as heir.

TIBERIUS’ DEATH

CALIGULA

Lived 12-41 AD

Reigned 37-41 AD

People hoped that after the oppression of Tiberius, that Caligula would rejuvenate Rome.

BACKGROUND

At fi rst, Caligula looked promising. He brought back many of the people exiled by Tiberius and seemed to be working in the best interests of Rome.

However, 7 months into his reign, he became ill. After his recovery, he acted

strange. People questioned if he had gone crazy.

EARLY REIGN

Caligula began to pretend that he was a god.

Then he became murderous and started executing many people for treason.

Once he was about to make a sacrifi ce to the gods, and just as he was about to strike the animal, he threw a mallet at a priest killing him instantly .

A TURN FOR THE WORSE

Caligula spent all of Rome’s money, so he began blackmailing families and taking their property.

Then in another attempt to get more money, he took troops to Gaul and robbed all of the citizens.

When they were about to invade Britain, Caligula made his troops stop in order to collect seashells as “spoils of the conquered ocean”.

BLACKMAIL AND ROBBERY

Plots against Caligula’s life were common. Everyone hated him and feared him for his eccentric behavior.

In 41 AD he was murdered by his closest advisors.

ASSASSINATION

SUMMARY VIDEO

PRACTICE QUIZ

When did Julius Caesar rule as emperor?

QUESTION 1

27 BC - 14 AD

46 – 44 BC

45 – 37 BC

44 – 42 BC

A

B

C

D

Hint: Julius Caesar was not alive during the years in

AD.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Julius Caesar died before 37 BC

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Julius Caesar died before 42 BC

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

What emperor ruled during the Battle of Actium?

QUESTION 2

A

B

C

D

Augustus

Julius Caesar

Caligula

Tiberius

Hint:Julius Caesar died before the Battle of Actium.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Caligula reigned after the Battle of Actium.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Tiberius reigned after the Battle of Actium.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

Who was Augustus allied with?

QUESTION 3

A

B

C

D

Pompey

Sejanus

Crassus

Marc

Antony

Hint:Pompey was allied with Caesar.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Sejanus was working with Tiberius.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Crassus was allied with Caesar.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

How and when did Caligula die?

QUESTION 4

A

B

C

D

Assassinated in 41

AD

Suicide in 39 ADDied of old age in 41

AD

Assassinated in 39 AD

Hint:Caligula was assassinated.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Caligula did die in 41 AD, but not of old age.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Caligula was assassinated, but not in 39 AD.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

When did Tiberius rule as emperor?

QUESTION 5

A

B

C

D

10 BC – 14 AD

14 – 37 AD

37 – 41 AD

14 – 33 AD

Hint:Tiberius did not rule during the years in BC.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Tiberius was dead during this time period.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:This is close, but Tiberius reigned a little bit

longer than this time period.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! You have now completed the

practice quiz.

CORRECT!

It’s your choice. You can either go back to the main menu to review the material

or move on to the quiz.

WHAT’S NEXT?

QUIZ

What is the Ides of March?

QUESTION 1

A

B

C

D

Battle in Egypt led by

Augustus

The assassination of Julius

CaesarBattle in Britain led by Caligula

The assassination of Augustus

Hint:The Ides of March was not a battle.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:The Ides of March was an assassination, but

not of Augustus.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

When did the Ides of March occur?

QUESTION 2

A

B

C

D

March 15, 44

BC

March 10, 46

BC

January 8, 46 BC

February 15, 44 BC

Hint:The Ides of MARCH

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:The word “Ides” means the middle. So the Ides

of March is “the middle of March”

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

When did Augustus rule as emperor?

QUESTION 3

A

B

C

D

46 BC – 44

BC

27 BC – 14

AD

27 BC – 10 AD

30 BC – 20 BC

Hint:Augustus’ rule was longer than that time

period.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Augustus ruled into the AD years.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:This is when Caesar ruled.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

When was the Battle of Actium?

QUESTION 4

A

B

C

D

31 BC

33 BC

10 AD

31 AD

Hint:This is very close!

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:The Battle of Actium did not occur in the AD

years.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

Who was Julius Caesar allied with?

QUESTION 5

A

B

C

D

Sejanus and Crassus

Pompey and Marc Antony

Crassus and Pompey

Sejanus and Marc Antony

Hint:Sejanus was allied with Tiberius.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Marc Antony was allied with Augustus

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Sejanus was allied with Tiberius and Marc

Antony was allied with Augustus.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

When did Caligula rule as emperor?

QUESTION 6

A

B

C

D

37 AD – 41 AD

26 AD – 29 AD

37 AD – 47

AD

38 AD – 40

AD

Hint:Caligula reigned later than this.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Caligula reigned a shorter time period than

this.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Caligula reigned longer than this time period.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

Who did Tiberius ally with?

QUESTION 7

A

B

C

D

Julius Caesar

Lucius Sejanus

Marc Antony

Pompey

Hint:Julius Caesar was an emperor of Rome before

Tiberius.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Marc Antony was allied with Augustus.

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Pompey was allied with Caesar.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

When did Augustus die?

QUESTION 8

A

B

C

D

12 AD

14 AD

15 AD

14 BC

Hint:Close, but not quite!!

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Augustus did not die in the BC years.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

What did the Senate declare Augustus after he died?

QUESTION 9

A

B

C

DA king

A god

A traitor

A heretic

Hint:Augustus was very well liked and worshiped

among the Roman citizens.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! Move on to the next question.

CORRECT!

When did Tiberius die?

QUESTION 10

A

B

C

D

37 AD

38 AD

27 BC

28 BC

Hint:This is close, but not quite right!

TRY AGAIN!

Hint:Tiberius lived into the AD years.

TRY AGAIN!

Good job!! You have now completed the quiz!

If you scored an 8 out of 10 or better, you have passed the quiz. If not, review

the material and take the quiz again.

CORRECT!

You have completed the lesson!!!!

GREAT JOB!

"Augustus ."  The Roman Empire . PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /www.pbs .org /empires / romans/empire /augustus .html>.

"Augustus ." Wik iped ia, 27 Mar. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /en.wik iped ia .org /wik i /Augustus>.

"Cal igula . "  The Roman Empire . PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /www.pbs .org /empires / romans/empire /ca l igu la .html>.

"Cal igula .“ Wik iped ia , 29 Mar. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /en.wik iped ia .org /wik i /Cal igu la>.

" Ju l ius Caesar. "  The Roman Empire . PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012.<http : / /www.pbs .org /empires / romans/empire / ju l ius_caesar.html>.

" Ju l ius Caesar. " Wik iped ia , 1 Apr. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /en.wik iped ia .org /wik i / Ju l ius_Caesar>.

"Tiber ius . "  The Roman Empire . PBS, 2006. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /www.pbs .org /empires / romans/empire / t iber ius .html>.

“Tiber ius .“ Wik iped ia, 14 Mar. 2012. Web. 6 Apr 2012. <http : / /en.wik iped ia .org /wik i /Tiber ius>.

REFERENCES