the romans create a republic. 1. located on the italian peninsula, which sticks out into the...
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ROMAN REPUBLICThe Romans Create a
Republic
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GEOGRAPHY OF ROME AND THE SURROUNDING AREA: 1. Located on the Italian Peninsula, which sticks out into the Mediterranean Sea
2. Natural barriers for protection: Alps to the north
3. Rome itself was built on the Tiber River, which flows into the Mediterranean Sea
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GEOGRAPHY OF ROME AND THE SURROUNDING AREA: 4. Soil around Rome = Fertile 5. Lay of the land around Rome: city built on seven hills
6. Rome sits at the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea which allowed for protections as well as sea-borne trade and commerce
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EARLY GROUPS VIDEO
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THREE INFLUENTIAL GROUPS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO ROMAN CULTURE: 1. Latins – farmers, shepherds who settled along the Tiber River, a region called Latium
2. Etruscans- from Northern Italy – metalworkers and engineers, Romans adopted their alphabet and arch
3. Greeks – established colonies in Southern Italy and Sicily. Romans adopted their polytheistic religion.
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THE BEGINNINGS OF ROME: According to legend….Romulus and Remus were children (descendants from a Trojan prince and the gods) abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by she-wolves. They founded Rome.
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THE EARLY REPUBLIC:
1. Etruscan kings ruled and expanded Rome- agriculture, temples
2. Last king of Rome was a tyrant – Tarquin the Proud who was overthrown by aristocrats
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THE EARLY REPUBLIC:
3. Established a Republic – definition: form of government in which power rests with citizens who vote for their leaders (freeborn males only in Rome)
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STOP!!!!!!!!!!!! List similarities between Rome and Greece about how their government evolved to reach democracy/republic
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SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC:
1. Patricians – aristocratic landowners who controlled most of the powerInherited power and social status, allowed to make laws
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SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC:
2. Plebians - common farmers, artisans, merchants who made up a majority of the populationcitizens with the right to vote, but could not hold government position
Tribunes – elected representatives for Plebeians that served in the Senate
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SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC:
3. Foreigners- could be citizens
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SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC:
4. Slaves- no power, NOT based on race –prisoners of war
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GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE OF THE REPUBLIC:
1. Consuls - two officials who commanded army and directed government- limited power: term length – one year, power to veto each other
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GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE OF THE REPUBLIC:
2. Senate - aristocratic branch of government, 300 men from the upper class
- term length – life membership, which provided continuity and stability
-powers – influence over foreign affairs and domestic policy
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GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE OF THE REPUBLIC: 3. Assemblies – more democratic side of the government, two types
- Centuriate Assembly – all citizen-soldiers for life- powers – 1. Selected consuls
2. made laws- Tribal Assembly – made up of plebeians- powers – 1. Elected Tribunes
2. made laws for commoners
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GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE OF THE REPUBLIC: 4. Dictator – served only in times of crisis for six months
- chosen by consuls and elected by the Senate
- powers – hard absolute power to make laws and command the army
- EX: Cincinnatus
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RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A ROMAN CITIZEN:
1. Right to vote 2. Pay taxes 3. Serve in the military
First written code of Rome, serves as basis of Roman law – Twelve Tables