the romantic age, (1815 - 1848): the “isms” - europe ideologically after the congress of vienna
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The Romantic Age, (1815 - 1848): The “Isms” - Europe Ideologically after the Congress of Vienna. “Romanticism is the expression of man's urge to rise above reason and common sense, just as rationalism is the expression of his urge to rise above theology and emotion .” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Romantic Age, (1815 - 1848):The “Isms” -
Europe Ideologically after the Congress of Vienna
“Romanticism is the expression of man's urge to rise above reason and common sense, just as rationalism is the expression of his urge to rise above theology and emotion.”
- Charles Yost
Overview•Ideas will become more systematic during this period
•Not just philosophical musings•Very organized and competing with other ideas
•Emergence of the social sciences•Ideologies
•Nationalism•Romanticism•Classical Liberalism•Radicalism, Republicanism, and Socialism•Feminism•Conservativism•Humanitarianism
Nationalism
Nationalism• Definition• The “nation” is all
important, not the ruler
• Inherently a revolutionary idea, feared by all
• Artists search for what their “nation” means
Nationalism in Germany•Humiliation of French defeats•Herder - Volkgeist•Reforms in Prussia
•Baron Stein
•Hegel•Illuminati
German Confederation in 1820
Nationalism in Italy
Giuseppe Mazzini Italy in 1859
Romanticism
Romanticism•Love of the unclassifiable•Spiritual depth•Opposed to the Enlightenment•Human emotions are the most important•Civilization is corrupting•Nature is all powerful•Science is dangerous!•Industrialization is bad•Rural life is good!•Nationalism•Romantic Novels & Poets•Neo-Gothic Architecture Wander Above the Sea of Fog by
Caspar David Friedrich
The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835
Tree of CrowsCaspar David Friedrich, 1822
The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice)Caspar David Friedrich, 1821
Winter Landscape with ChurchGaspar David Friedrich, 1811
Eldena RuinGaspar David Friedrich, 1825
Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817
The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821
Stonehenge - John Constable, 1836
Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s GroundJohn Constable, 1825
Salisbury Cathedral from the MeadowsJohn Constable, 1831
Hadleigh Castle - John Constable, 1829
The Bullfight - Francisco Goya
Rain, Steam, and SpeedJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1844
Rain, Steam,
& Speed
(details)
The Slave ShipJoseph Mallord William Turner,
1842
The Slave Ship
(details)
Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830
Napoleonat the
St. BernardPass
David,1803
The Shooting of May 3, 1808Francisco Goya, 1815
The Great Red
Dragon and the Woman
Clothed with the Sun
William Blake,
1808-1810
God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794
Witches Sabbath
Francisco Goya,1798
Saturn DevoursHis Son
Francisco Goya,
1819-1823
The Great Age of the Novel Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte (1847) Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte (1847)
Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819) Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862) The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844)
Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817) Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897
George Gordon’s
(Lord Byron)PoemThe
Prisonerof Chillon
SamuelTaylor
Coleridge’sPoem,
The Rimeof the
AncientMariner
British Houses of Parliament1840-1865
The Royal Pavillion at BrightonJohn Nash, 1815-1823
Classical Liberalism•Ideas of the business class•Beliefs
•Free press & assembly•Tolerant of religion•Constitutional monarchy•Laissez-faire
John Stuart Mill
English Radicalism
Jeremy Bentham
•Return to the roots of society•Totally reconstruct society and government•Universal male suffrage
Republicanism•English Radicalism on the Continent•Anti-clerical•Fans of the First French Republic – Reign of Terror folks•Wanted republics, not monarchs
Socialism
Robert Owen
Count de Saint-Simon
Louis Blanc
Charles Fourier
• Republicanism with an economic edge
• Economic system too chaotic
• Must be regulated• Anti-laissez faire• State sponsored
“workshops” - i.e. factories & companies
Feminism
Florence Nightengale
Conservatism
Edmund Burke
Prince Klemens von Metternich
• Gradual Adaptation of society• Maintain the status quo
– No nationalism– No republics – monarchies– Adhered to by nobility and
monarchs• Fear of the French Revolution
Humanitarianism•Sense of cruelty inflicted upon others•Torture is gone•Prisons, asylums, and government agencies improved•Enlightenment ideas still strong
Summary•Nationalism began to appear•Romanticism
•Rejected Neo-Classicism and the Enlightenment•Connected to Nationalism
•Radicals, Socialists, and Republicans mixed ideas•Feminism began•Conservatives rejected all of this