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Go ahead and take out your poetry packets as Go ahead and take out your poetry packets as well. well.

The Romantic Poets: The Romantic Poets: Reform and RevolutionReform and Revolution

English IV:English IV:AP and Dual CreditAP and Dual Credit

Key CharacteristicsKey Characteristics Absolute originality/artistic inspiration by the individual geniusAbsolute originality/artistic inspiration by the individual genius““creation from nothingnesscreation from nothingness”” ““the institution of originalitythe institution of originality””—John Milton pioneered the concept —John Milton pioneered the concept

(though he would likely be horrified by the results)(though he would likely be horrified by the results) Became a cult of sensibility (not reason, SENSES)Became a cult of sensibility (not reason, SENSES) Focused more on women, children, Focused more on women, children, ““noble savagenoble savage””, , ““purepure”” nature, nature,

the common man. the common man. Sentimentality, exoticism, nature, human aspirationSentimentality, exoticism, nature, human aspiration Shake off oppression: Prometheus Rising!Shake off oppression: Prometheus Rising! Characterized by a reliance on imagination and subjectivity of Characterized by a reliance on imagination and subjectivity of

approach, freedom of thought, and expression.approach, freedom of thought, and expression. Favored imagination over reason, emotions over logic, intuition over Favored imagination over reason, emotions over logic, intuition over

science. science. The artist apart from society (social critic/revolutionary)The artist apart from society (social critic/revolutionary)

RousseauRousseau’’s s ““Noble SavageNoble Savage”” Goodness is innate/natural Goodness is innate/natural

““goodness in the sense that one has not been exposed to evilgoodness in the sense that one has not been exposed to evil”” Think the Creature BEFORE his understanding of absolute and utter Think the Creature BEFORE his understanding of absolute and utter

alienation. alienation. Rousseau established the cult of the individual—”I felt before I thought.” Rousseau established the cult of the individual—”I felt before I thought.”

For the Romantics, this underscores the notion of For the Romantics, this underscores the notion of celebrating the dignity and goodness of the common celebrating the dignity and goodness of the common man. man. Not that man is necessarily moral if left to his own devices—Not that man is necessarily moral if left to his own devices—

hence, the social contract. hence, the social contract. Rousseau is responding to Hobbes who believed man had no natural or Rousseau is responding to Hobbes who believed man had no natural or

innate goodness.innate goodness.

British RomanticismBritish Romanticism Typically the British Romantic period is listed as Typically the British Romantic period is listed as

beginning in 1798 with the publication of beginning in 1798 with the publication of Lyrical Lyrical BalladsBallads (Coleridge and Wordsworth) (Coleridge and Wordsworth) This work affirmed the importance of feeling and imagination.This work affirmed the importance of feeling and imagination.

However, a number of poets were already investigating However, a number of poets were already investigating many of the ideas that would shape the movement in the many of the ideas that would shape the movement in the coming years. coming years.

One such poet is William Blake.One such poet is William Blake. Writes in the tradition of Spencer and Milton (though they were Writes in the tradition of Spencer and Milton (though they were

Christian, and the Romantics were not)Christian, and the Romantics were not) Blake thought of himself as a Christian, but was not a theist in any Blake thought of himself as a Christian, but was not a theist in any

orthodox sense. orthodox sense.

William Blake: The Early RomanticWilliam Blake: The Early Romantic

Songs of Innocence—1789Songs of Innocence—1789 Songs of Experience—1794Songs of Experience—1794 The full title of the 1794 edition: The full title of the 1794 edition: Songs of Innocence Songs of Innocence

and Experience Showing the Two Contrary States of and Experience Showing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soulthe Human Soul Poems should be read together in order to grasp true

meaning. A one-sided reading will produce the wrong answer/analysis

Here, Blake demonstrates a consciousness towards Here, Blake demonstrates a consciousness towards the Miltonian idea of how/why good and evil exists in the Miltonian idea of how/why good and evil exists in world presumably ruled by a benevolent God. world presumably ruled by a benevolent God.

BlakeBlake’’s modes of perceptions modes of perception Became very popular for the RomanticsBecame very popular for the Romantics Childhood--a time of protected innocence, but it Childhood--a time of protected innocence, but it

is not immune to the fallen world, to evil.is not immune to the fallen world, to evil. Here, the human spirit blossoms because it is unfettered, the Here, the human spirit blossoms because it is unfettered, the

imagination is not tempered by rules.imagination is not tempered by rules.

Experience—marked by the loss of childhood Experience—marked by the loss of childhood vitality, innocence, awareness of evil, fear, and vitality, innocence, awareness of evil, fear, and inhibition.inhibition.

Here, the human spirit withers because of the addition of Here, the human spirit withers because of the addition of rules, doctrines, traditions.rules, doctrines, traditions.

Yet neither state is perfect nor preferred. Yet neither state is perfect nor preferred.

Contrary StatesContrary States Infant JoyInfant Joy The LambThe Lamb The Chimney-SweeperThe Chimney-Sweeper The BlossomThe Blossom

Infant SorrowInfant Sorrow The TygerThe Tyger The Chimney SweeperThe Chimney Sweeper A Poison TreeA Poison Tree

How do both exist? And, do they have the same How do both exist? And, do they have the same Creator? Do these two entities speak to the nature of Creator? Do these two entities speak to the nature of

man?man?

The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: William BlakeWilliam Blake

Written to imitate biblical Written to imitate biblical prophecyprophecy

Written in prose except for the Written in prose except for the opening argumentopening argument

Depicts the poetDepicts the poet’’s visit to Hell, s visit to Hell, imitating both Dante and Miltonimitating both Dante and Milton

Blake depicts hell not as the home Blake depicts hell not as the home of Satan, but rather the place of Satan, but rather the place where the repressed live--those where the repressed live--those who are striving to overcome who are striving to overcome authoritative constraints (a truly authoritative constraints (a truly Romantic ideal).Romantic ideal).

Became a fierce proclamation to Became a fierce proclamation to shake off tyranny.shake off tyranny.

Famous quotes from Famous quotes from MarriageMarriage ““the road of excess leads to the palace of wisdomthe road of excess leads to the palace of wisdom”” ““the tigers of wrath are wiser than the horses of the tigers of wrath are wiser than the horses of

instructioninstruction”” "Without Contraries is no progression. Attraction and "Without Contraries is no progression. Attraction and

Repulsion, Reason and Energy, Love and Hate, are Repulsion, Reason and Energy, Love and Hate, are necessary to Human existence. From these contraries necessary to Human existence. From these contraries spring what the religious call Good & Evil. Good is spring what the religious call Good & Evil. Good is the passive that obeys Reason. Evil is the active the passive that obeys Reason. Evil is the active springing from Energy. Good is Heaven. Evil is springing from Energy. Good is Heaven. Evil is Hell."Hell."

John KeatsJohn Keats Born in 1795Born in 1795

(3 years old when (3 years old when Coleridge/Wordsworth publish Coleridge/Wordsworth publish Lyrical BalladsLyrical Ballads))

Studied to be a physician, but Studied to be a physician, but then learned he was dying—so he then learned he was dying—so he took up the pen. took up the pen.

His work is characterized by His work is characterized by sensual imagery, and a sensual imagery, and a preoccupation with the idea of preoccupation with the idea of mortality.mortality.

Often described as having the Often described as having the ““healthiesthealthiest”” imagination of all the imagination of all the Romantic poets.Romantic poets.

““A Thing of Beauty is a Joy ForeveA Thing of Beauty is a Joy Foreverr”” --Keats --Keats

--passionate love affair with --passionate love affair with Fanny Brawne; many of his Fanny Brawne; many of his poems are written to her.poems are written to her.

--dies in Feb. of 1821, --dies in Feb. of 1821, relatively unknown and relatively unknown and unread.unread.

--Keats become one of the --Keats become one of the most influential and beloved most influential and beloved writers of the latter half of writers of the latter half of the Romantic period. the Romantic period.

Remember. . .Remember. . . Romanticism was a revolt against Romanticism was a revolt against

IndustrializationIndustrialization Enlightenment (not perceived through human senses)Enlightenment (not perceived through human senses)

The Romantics valuedThe Romantics valued Imagination over logicImagination over logic NatureNature Sensation/sensesSensation/senses Shaking off tyranny/oppositionShaking off tyranny/opposition Common man/rejection of aristocratic ideas (though Byron did Common man/rejection of aristocratic ideas (though Byron did

love his title)love his title)

The Ideals of the TimeThe Ideals of the Time Walter Pater: Walter Pater: ““It is the addition of strangeness to It is the addition of strangeness to

beauty that constitutes the romantic character in artbeauty that constitutes the romantic character in art”” William Blake: William Blake: ““I must create a system or become I must create a system or become

enslaved by another manenslaved by another man’’ss”” William Wordsworth: William Wordsworth: ““In nature and the language of In nature and the language of

the sense/The anchor of my purest thoughts, the the sense/The anchor of my purest thoughts, the nurse/ The guide, the guardian of my heart, and soul/ nurse/ The guide, the guardian of my heart, and soul/ Of all my moral being.Of all my moral being.””

Percy Shelley: Percy Shelley: ““the great instrument of moral good is the great instrument of moral good is the imaginationthe imagination””

Solitary Tree Caspar David Friedrich, 1823

The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835

Wandering Above the Sea of Fog

Caspar David Friedrich,

1818