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© 2008 Donna Whyte
The Roots of Reading
• Age-appropriate oral language competence• An interest in books• Knowledge of at least some letter names• Rudimentary phonological awareness, e.g., being able to rhyme words in songs and poems• Awareness of print• Pretend reading, e.g., “reads” from memory• Pretend writing, e.g., “writes” a message using scribbles or drawings on a page.
© 2008 Donna Whyte
The Roots of Reading
•Set aside time for reading•Emphasize the enjoyment of reading•Read expressively and with humor•Know when to put a book down•Repeated readings help to promote children’s language•Draw attention to letters and print•Sing songs, read rhyming books and say silly tongue twisters•Play with puppets•Exposure to new experiences•If concerns exist, seek prompt, thorough evaluation
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Assessment of Early Language
• Listen as child tells about an object, experience, idea or feeling.
• Record child’s language• Does the language explain the message?• Does it make sense?• Does it contain references?• Does the language flow to maintain the
message?
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Listening Activities
• Echo Reading
• Follow the Directions• Telephone
• “Tell me what I said”• Sequencing
• Interpretation of Gestures, Signs, Paralanguage
• “Hot Beanie”
• This is what I can do…• Slump OR Jump
• M________-May- I?• Quiet Signal ~ Verbal
• ________________• ________________
• ________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
What can teachers do?
• Listen/Respond when Children Communicate
• Model the use of language
• Scaffold & Connect
• Provide “Think Time”
• Utilize open-ended questions
• Help Children to Expand their Language
• Ask “detail” questions
• Provide a safe “talking” environment
• Encourage interaction between students
• Use/Note Nonverbal Communication
• Share Books and Stories
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Steps of Phonemic
AwarenessSkills
Rhyme
Words within a Sentence
Blending/Segmenting Compound Words
Onset~Rime Blending /Segmenting
Sound Isolation First~Last
Phoneme Blending
Phoneme Segmentation
Phoneme Manipulation
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Word Play
Model ~ TeachI do it – Children watch/listen
Guided PracticeWe do it – Teacher watches/listens and
responds
Independent PracticeThey (You) do it ~ Teacher Check
Extended Practice They (You) do it ~ Relate to Prior Learning
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Model ~ TeachAll Ears! I’m going to say the sounds in fat: /f/ /a/ /t/
Guided PracticeTry it with me. Say the sounds in fat /f/ /a/ /t/
Independent PracticeNow try it alone. Everyone, say the sounds in
fat. Individual children say the word.
Extended Practice Each of you will get some words that are
similar to this word. Say the sounds.
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Phonemic Awareness Help
– Tape Recorder– Whisper Phones– Sound Bingo– Games
•Internet Resources•http://www.songsforteaching.com•http://www.stonewashed.net/sfx.html•www.enchantedlearning.com/Rhymes.html•www. carlscorner.us.com
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Small Steps ~ Big Difference
• Attendance
• Rhymes
• Do you hear “individual sounds”?
• Magic Spoon
• “Stretchy” Strap
• Real ~ Nonsense Words
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Sound Tools
• Chips• Blocks• Slides• Beginning/Middle/End• White Board/Markers• Slashes/Dots/Post-Its
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Phonics Instruction
• Consonants • Consonant Blends • Consonant Digraphs• Short & Long Vowels• R-Controlled Vowels• Vowel Digraphs• Vowel Dipthongs• Rimes
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Blends
• bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, gr, pl, pr, sc, scr, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, spr, st, str, sw, tr, tw, wr
Digraphs
• th, sh, wh, ch,ck, ng
Silent letters
• kn, gn, wr, gh, lk,
Diphthongs
• au, aw, oo (cook, moon), ow (owl, bow), ou, oi, oy, ew
Vowel Digraphs
• ai, ea, oa, ee, ey, ay, ue, ow
R-controlled vowels
• ar (star), er (her), ir(stir), or (horn), ur(fur)
Hard/Soft c & g
Ph?
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Rimes Vowels
ack, ake, ail, ain, air, ale, all, and, ank, ap, ash, at, ate, aw, ay, eat, eep, ell, en, ent, est, ice, ide, ick, ight, ill, in, ine, ink, ing, ip, it, oat, ock, oke, op, ore, ot, uck, ug, ump, unk
a, e, i, o, u ~ y
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Phonics Resources– Magnetic or stamp Letters– Word Walls– Word/Writing Folders– Word Slides
•Internet–Starfall.com–http://www.edu4kids.com–www.primarygames.com/curriculum–www.kizclub.com
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Fluency –Read text accurately and quickly
Practice with the known:
AB CDE FG HIJ KLM NO PQR ST UV WXY Z
ABC? D! EF. GHI! JK?
Phrases
The people Each of us No wayAt my house Who was there? A long time.
Tranfer – The people were at my house a long time.
© 2008 Donna Whyte
ReadingReadingReadingReadingShared Reading� Teacher Models Strategies� Teacher Teaches New Strategies� Teacher/Children Expand Meaning of Text� Children Make Predictions� Children Respond to Pictures and Ideas from TextGuided Reading� Children Practice Strategies � Children Expand Ideas/Comprehension� Teacher Introduces /Reinforces Skills � Teacher Encourages Independence� Children and Teacher Listen/Response� Children Problem-SolveRead Aloud� Teacher Reads� Teacher Creates Opportunities for Exploration of Genres� Children Respond to Story/Language� Teacher Models Reading Strategies/SkillsIndependent Reading� Children Employ Strategies� Children Navigate Text Autonomously� Children Choose Text IB
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Fluency
� Reread� Echo Read� Choral Read� Partner Read� Reader’s Theater� Language Development
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Fluency Resources
Timers Recorded storiesSongs on Charts
•Internet Resources–www.magickeys.com/books–http://ipl.si.umich.edu/youth/storyhour/–Readers theater websites
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Vocabulary
Vocabulary is expressive (what you say) and receptive (what you understand)– Words used to verbally communicate
effectively
– Words that you use to write – Words that you recognize/understand in print
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Which words…?
��Words that students may never have seen/heardWords that students may never have seen/heard
��Words students do not understandWords students do not understand
�� Important wordsImportant words
�� Words students would have trouble figuring out Words students would have trouble figuring out on their own.on their own.
�� Words students encounter oftenWords students encounter often
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Speaking Activities
• Social Interaction• Play• Storytelling• Puppets• Songs• “Your Turn” Talk• Interactive Charts/Books• Vocabulary Building• Listening Tasks
• Opportunities with peers & buddies
• Center Activities• Labeling• Categorize/Comparing• Picture Talk
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Your turn…• My mom said, “You should know better
than to ________”• Please leave my crayons alone, I don’t
_______________• It was so silly, I saw _________________• Every time I see my _______, I ________• I have never tried to _________________• Yesterday morning I _________________• __________________________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
If I was going to describe this picture…
• Key Words____________________________________________________________________________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Picture Writing
Picture Talk
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Food for Thought:
Color
Number
Shape
Size
Age
Comparison
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Vocabulary Resources
Internet• www.boggleworldesl.com• www.merriam-webster.com• www.readwritethink.org/materials/comic/index.html
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Before ReadingBefore Reading
Activate prior knowledgeActivate prior knowledgePreview headingsPreview headings
During ReadingDuring ReadingVisual imageryVisual imageryComprehension monitoringComprehension monitoring
After ReadingAfter Reading
Summarize in own wordsSummarize in own wordsAsk clarifying questionsAsk clarifying questions
Comprehension• Understand what is read
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Detail ~ Chart (Who, What, Where & When)
Sequence ~ Signal Words (Time Frame)Second, Earlier, Next, Noon, In the Morning, After School
Word Referents ~ Singular & Pluralyou, its, him, that, your, my we, they, ours, theirs, them
Context Clues ~ What makes sense?
Predicting Outcome ~ What do you think happened next?
Main Idea ~ Classification
Inference ~ “Read between the lines”
Character Traits ~ What do you know by what the character says and does?
Cause & Effect ~ Recognition of the relationship between events and what happens after
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Why?
What?
Where?
When?
Who? Give us the
Details
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Who? What? When?Where?Why?How?
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
“Chain It”
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Comprehension
� Interactive Read Aloud� Retell� Add a New Ending� Compare/Contrast� Agree/Disagree� Act it Out� State Your Case ~ “Prove It”� Draw a Picture
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Comprehension Resources
– Reading Tools– Post It Notes– Highlighter pens & tapesInternet – www.eduplace.com– www.graphicorganizers.com– www.storyplace.org– www.awesomelibrary.com– http://www.literacyaccessonline.com– http://www.fcrr.org/activities
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Roles
• Dialogue Director
• Reporter
• Word Wizard
• Illustrator
• Connector
• Investigator
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Dialogue Director
Reporter
Word Wizard
Illustrator
Connector
Investigator
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Investigator Word Wizard Connector
IllustratorDialogue Director Reporter
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Dialogue Director
• Creates Questions for Discussion
• Uses Questions to Aid Discussion
• “Talking Sticks”
• Paraphrases:– So you mean that . . .
– In other words, you think that . . .
– So what you’re saying is . . .
– If I understand you correctly, . . .
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Questioning
• What did you notice about the book?• Can anyone tell me anything about ______?• Did anything in the book make you think of something in
your life?• What part was your favorite?• Can you tell us about one of the characters?• What do you think ___________?• What part was ________? (Familiar, Weird, etc.) • Can you tell us how ________ made you feel?• Can you show me something about the book?• What do you know about this _________?• Does anyone have any ideas about ________?
© 2008 Donna Whyte
AssignmentsMonday Pages _____
Task ______________________________
Tuesday Pages _____Task ______________________________
Wednesday Pages___Task ______________________________
Thursday Pages _____Task ______________________________
Friday Pages ______Task ______________________________
AssignmentsMonday Pages _____
Task ______________________________
Tuesday Pages _____Task ______________________________
Wednesday Pages___Task ______________________________
Thursday Pages _____Task ______________________________
Friday Pages ______Task ______________________________
AssignmentsMonday Pages _____
Task ______________________________
Tuesday Pages _____Task ______________________________
Wednesday Pages___Task ______________________________
Thursday Pages _____Task ______________________________
Friday Pages ______Task ______________________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Reporter
• Summarizes
• Finds the Important Details
• _____________
• _____________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Thoughts:
I wonder - _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I think - _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thoughts:
I wonder - _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I think - _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thoughts:
I wonder - _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I think - _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Book SummaryTitle - _____________________
What happened in the story -____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My favorite part –________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You also should know –________________________________________________________________________________________________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Book SummaryTitle - _____________________
What is the book about -____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Interesting Facts –________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You also should know –________________________________________________________________________________________________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Which part didn’t you like?Why?
What part did you like most? Why?
What happens in the story?Who are the main characters?What are some of their character traits?
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Word Wizard
• Checks out New Words
• Finds Interesting Words
• Looks for Challenging Words
• Fills in the “Amazing Words”
• Offers “Bookmark” Suggestions
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Amazing Words
New Word_______________Page ___________Meaning ______________________________________
Interesting Word_______________Page ___________Meaning _______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Amazing Words
New Word_______________Page ___________Meaning ______________________________________
Interesting Word_______________Page ___________Meaning _______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Amazing Words
New Word_______________Page ___________Meaning ______________________________________
Interesting Word_______________Page ___________Meaning _______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Stretch Your Vocabulary
Picture Clue
As it AppearsSynonym
Antonym
Word
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Most Common Prefixes
un*- not pre – before
re* - again, back inter – between, among
dis* - opposite, reverse of fore – before
in, im, il, ir* - not de – from, reverse
en, em – make, into, in trans – across, over
non – not super – above
in, im – in semi – half
over – too much anti – against
mis – wrong mid – between
sub – under under – under
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Prefix Practice
SynonymMeansPrefixWord
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Prefix Practice
Synonym
sad
Means
not
Prefix
un
Word
unhappy
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Most Common Suffixes
-ing* continuous action -less without
-s, -es* more than one -able, ible can be
-ed* past tense -y characterized by
-ly* describing how it’s done -er,-est comparative
-er one who -ful full of
-ic having characteristics of -ion,-tion act, process
-ity, ty state of -en made of
-ment action or process -ness state of, condition of
-ous,-eous,-ious possessing qualities of
-ation, -ition adjective form of a noun
-ive, -ative, -itive adjective form of a noun
-al, -ial having characteristics of
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Suffix Skills
MeansSuffixWord
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Suffix Skills
Means
without care
Suffix
less
Word
careless
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Illustrator
• Draws or represents a character or event in the book
• Illustrates a new fact for non fiction
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Interesting Part
_________________________________
Great Imagery___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Interesting Part
_________________________________
Great Imagery___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Interesting Part
_________________________________
Great Imagery___________________________________________________________________________________________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Picture this…
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Connector
• Connects the Story to:– Student
– World
– Other Text
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Connections
Self ~ __________
____________________________________________________________
World ~ ________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Other Readings ~
____________________________________________________________
Connections
Self ~ __________
____________________________________________________________
World ~ ________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Other Readings ~
____________________________________________________________
Connections
Self ~ __________
____________________________________________________________
World ~ ________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Other Readings ~
____________________________________________________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Connections
Which parts of the story could be true?
Can you think of anything in the book that is like ___________________?
Has anything in the story ever happened to you?
Is the book similar to a book that you have read? In what way?
Do any of the characters remind you of someone?
How is the setting like/
unlike a place that you know?
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Investigator
• Investigates the author, setting or any background information related to the book
• Investigates other sources of information for non fiction
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Take Note:_________________________________
Additional Information
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Take Note:_________________________________
Additional Information
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Take Note:_________________________________
Additional Information
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Extension Projects
• Extension projects are not art activities for their own sake. A good extension project will keep the thinking and response alive even after students have finished a book. The goal is to lure students back into the book to cement, enhance, and even reinvent what they gained from their first visit.”¹
¹http://fac-staff.seattleu.edu/kschlnoe/LitCircles/Extension/extension.html, Katherine L. Schlick Noe, 2004.
© 2008 Donna Whyte
ReadPhoneMakeWriteBuildFind OutHypothesizeDesignSurveyInterviewShadowVisit CreateBrainstormAnalyzeEvaluateLabelCompareMeasureIdentify
SolveConstructResearchCriticizeImagineExperimentDevelopInventPredictObserveDemonstratePlanMeasureGraphListConductDeviseInvestigateUseSubstituteTalk About
Tell
Convince
Study
Illustrate
Collect
Map
MatchCombineChartImproveExplainAdapt RearrangeDescribeAdvertiseRateAct Out
Discover
Start an activity with….
© 2008 Donna Whyte
MapDiagramSculptureDiscussionDemonstrationPoemChartPlayDanceSongCassetteBannerBrochureDebateFlow ChartPuppet ShowPuzzle
LectureEditorialPaintingCostumePlacematCatalogueNewspaperScrapbookLectureQuestionnaireFlagScrapbookGraphDebateAdvertisementComputer Program
Book List
Calendar
Coloring Book
Game
Research Project
TV Show
Dictionary
Film
Collection
Machine
Book
Mural
Award
Recipe
Certificate
ModelTimelineToyArticleDiaryPosterMagazinePhotographsLessonClubTestCartoonBiographyReviewInvention
What to Create?
© 2008 Donna Whyte
READ-O
Author Investigation
Book ReviewJournal Entries
ConnectorsLetter to your teacher
CardStory ChainBookmarkCartoon stripBook Cover
Compare & Contrast
Vocabulary Busters
FREE
Your choice
A New Ending
Newspaper article
InterviewStory MapLetter to a pen pal, friend, or relative
Create a Paper Hat
Game
Mural Film StripLetter to a character
Thank you note
Diorama
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Where is the Story
going?
How did…?
How do you feel about…?
What caused…?
How would you
describe the
setting?
What Character
Traits Describe…?
Who…?Why is…?
Why did…?
What if…?
© 2008 Donna Whyte
One thing I noticed was…
It seemed that…
I felt…I think that…
I wish that…
I predict that…
I suspect that…
I am not
sure…
I loved when …
I wonder
if…
© 2008 Donna Whyte
What Do We Evaluate?
• Progression in Reading• Writing Skills• Extension Activities• Staying on Topic • Participation • Group Etiquette • Asking Questions • Following Up on Peer
Comments • Being Constructive • Supporting Contributions• ____________________
© 2008 Donna Whyte
We think/feel… because….We decided/agreed that…. because…We concluded that… because…
OR
I thought ________, he/she/they thought _______.We couldn’t agree, ____ thought, while I thought __.We had different opinions/solutions/views; I thought___, while _____ thought.We had different perspectives and couldn’t arriveAt consensus, ___ thought ____ while I thought ___.
Sharing Thoughts After a Discussion Group
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Name _______________ Date _______ Role _________Group Members _________________________________
Responded to Other Members
FTH
Displayed Group Etiquette
Active Group Member
Completed Task – Best Work
Prepared for Meeting & Had All Materials
Completed Assigned Reading
Notes:WTMTitle _________________
Author ________________
Something I shared –
Something I did –
Teacher Thoughts ~X
+ Yes !!!!!
Somewhat
No
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
© 2008 Donna Whyte
Last
Before/After
Next
Then
First