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THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

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Page 1: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

Page 2: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

Western Intervention in the Russian Civil War

❚  Russia devastated by WWI ❚  Red(communists) Vs. White(capitalists) ❚  Western Europe and US support Whites ❚  Memory of this lingers

Page 3: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

An Uneasy Alliance

❚  Hitler invades USSR - Stalin joins allies ❚  Soviets feel they bore brunt of Hitler’s

onslaught ❚  disagree over war strategies ❚  Germany divided after war

Page 4: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

Two Superpowers Emerge at End of WWII

United States ❚  democracy, capitalism

& individualism ❚  gain access to raw

materials and markets ❚  rebuild European

govn’ts to ensure stability

❚  reunite Germany

Soviet Union ❚  encourage

communism in world ❚  transfer industrial

equipment from East Europe to S.U.

❚  control Eastern Europe

❚  keep Germany divided

Page 5: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

Military Alliances

Page 6: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

Conflict in Postwar Europe

❚  America/allies control Western Europe; Soviets control East - no self-determination

❚  Marshall plan – 17 billion in aid but must be American made products

❚  Molotov Plan – Soviets copy US ❚  “Cold War”: constant war of nerves

(Walter Lippman)

Page 7: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

The Truman Doctrine

❚  US policy = containment ❚  $400 million to Greece and Turkey - to

keep communists OUT!!

Page 8: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

The Cold War Escalates in Germany

❚  Allies divide Germany ❚  superpowers disagree on

future of Germany ❚  Western nations replace

German currency ❚  Berlin Blockade June 1948 ❚  Berlin Airlift ❚  Blockade ends May 1949 ❚  Berlin Wall built in 1961 to

keep people from fleeing to West Berlin and West Germany

Page 9: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

Economic Alliances

Page 10: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

The Arms Race Begins

❚  US drops atomic bomb ❚  Nuclear diplomacy becomes key tactic in

Cold War ❚  Soviets end US monopoly of nukes 1949 ❚  NATO Vs. Warsaw Pact ❚  Spheres of influence ❚  bipolar world results from superpower

competition

Page 11: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

EXTENT OF THE COLD WAR

Page 12: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

Continued . . .

❚  Proxy wars were fought to gain allies and advantages

❚  There were periods of intensity as well as periods of more friendly relations between 1945 and 1989

Page 13: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

END OF THE COLD WAR

❚  Over time, socialism/communism was not able to meet the needs of the modern world

❚  Reforms in USSR started with Gorbachev

Page 14: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

Reforms in USSR: Gorbachev

❚  Perestroika-fix economy ❚  Glosnost-openness in

criticizing gov. ❚  Demokratizatsia-allow

true democracy

Page 15: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

REFORMS SPREAD

❚  Satellite states assert their independence ❚  Gorbachev allowed independence of E.

Europe & Soviet Republics ❚  Eventually the Soviet Empire fell and

Berlin Wall came down

Page 16: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

And the Wall Came Tumbling Down

Page 17: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

WALL . . .

Page 18: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

WALL . . .

Page 19: THE ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR

IRON CURTAIN REMOVED


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