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THE RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAMMES OF PAKISTAN

ERADICATING POVERTY THROUGH ENTERPRISE

Shoaib Sultan Khan

November 2007

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SRSO

BRSP

NRSP

SRSP

PRSP

RSPs in Pakistan-93 districts

GBTI

AKRSP

LPRP

TRDP

RSPN 2000

SGA

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KOTLI

POONCHSUDHNUTI

MIRPUR

BAGH

MUZAFFARABAD

NEELUM

BHIMBER

JAMMU & KASHMIRDisputed Territory

SKARDU

DIAMER

GWADAR

TURBAT

AWARAN

UTHAL

KHUZDAR

PANJGUR

KHARAN

CHAGAI

NUSHKI

KALAT*

MASTUNG

KARACHI

THATTA

DADU

BADIN THARPARKAR

UMARKOT

SANGHAR

NAWAB SHAH

NAUSHAHRO FIROZ

KHAIRPUR

LARKANASUKKUR

GHOTKI

JACOBABAD

GANDAVA

RAHIMYAR KHAN

QUETTA

SIBI

KOHLU DERA GHAZI KHAN

LORALAIZIARAT

PISHIN*QILA ABDULLAH

QILA SAIFULLAH*

MUSAKHELBAZAR

ZHOB*

LEIAH

TANK

KARAKHANGU KOHAT

ATTOCK

MARDAN

DIR

GILGIT

JHATPAT

DERA MURADJAMALI

DADHAR

DERA BUGTI

RAJANPURLODHRAN

BAHAWALNAGARVIHARI

MULTAN

KHANEWAL PAKPATTAN

SAHIWALOKARA

KASURTOBA TEK SINGH

FAISALABADJHANG

SARGODHA

KHUSHAB

MIANWALI

BHAKKAR

HAFIZABADGUJRANWALA

NAROWALMANDI BAHAUDDIN SIALKOT

CHAKWAL JHELUM

LAHORE

SHEKHUPURA

TIMURGARA

PESHAWAR ABBOTTABAD

MANSEHRA

FATA

BATGRAM

MALAKAND

ISLAMABAD

SINDH

BALOCHISTAN

BARKHANMUZAFFARGARH

BAHAWALPUR

PUNJAB

DERAISMAIL KHAN

DASU

NWFP

BRSP

GBTI

LPRP

NRSP

PRSP

SRSO

SRSP

TRDP

AKRSP

RAWALPINDI

Attock, SwabiGBTI & NRSP

LAKKI MARWAT

BANNU

Faisalabad, MultanLahore

PRSP & NRSP

SHIKARPUR

CharsaddaSRSP & NRSP

HaripurSRSP & GBTI

KohatSRSP & LPRP

KOHISTAN

KhairpurTRDP & SRSO

ChitralAKRSP & SRSP

OTHERS

MATIARIJAMSHORO

KASHMORE

HYDERABADMIRPUR KHAS

TANDO M.KHAN

TANDOALLAYAR

WASHUK

SHAHDADKOT

NANKANA

SHANGLABUNER

SWAT

CHARSADDA

HARIPURNOWSHERA

SWABI

GHIZER

ASTORE

CHITRAL

* Program started with Livestock Project

GUJRAT

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Membership1,908,017

(32% women)

Rs 1,646.823 MillionSaved

Activist trained861,547

Credit DisbursedRs 22.631 Billion

Credit Beneficiaries1.653 Million

Productive PhysicalInfrastructure (PPI)

schemes73,054

PPI Beneficiaries1,926,728

Comm. Schools1,672 with

43,116 students

Teachers Trained2,235

TBAs Trained14,114

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We Train Bread Winners Men/Women

NRSP – Institute of Rural Management

Entrepreneurship and Vocational Skills Training Programme

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—Need identification …………. community— Need assessment ………….. community and field staff— Training utilization plan with selected trainees — TOP/Resolution ………….. Community (50 % of tuition fee is

Paid by the Community nominee)— Training designed as per need in collaboration with private & private

sector institutions (# of days less but # of hours more)—Planning for conduction of actual training— Make necessary logistical and administrative arrangements— Actual conduction of training - 20 % theoretical & 80 % practicals— Ongoing monitoring of training process— Weekly assessments based on viva— Successful completion based on weekly assessments

VTP Process

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SummaryTraining Participants

Female Male TotalEDP 1,335 1,141 2,476 VTP - Long Duration 12980 14421 27401VTP- Short Duration 3160 31550 34710Construction Related Trades 9826 1227 11053Total 27,301 48,339 75,640

Total Trades = 75

Training Center’s = 30 (both private and Public)

Certification : Skill development councilNational Training BoardTEVTA

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Vocational Training ProgrammeParticipants Poverty Profile

Well Off3% Well to do

17%

Poor39%

Very Poor33%

Destitute8%

Well OffWell to doPoorVery PoorDestitute

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Gender Wise Participation

Gender Wise Participation

Female 36%

Male 64%

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Status of Beneficiaries(completed training before June,2007)

Self Employed, 41%

Part time wage apprentice, 18%

Status Unknown, 9%

Not working, 8%Recently trained, 3%

Full time employed, 34%

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Orientation toEnterprise Activist Program

(EAP)

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EAP: Purpose

To create an indigenous business development support system (BDSP,

forum, committees, linkages) for sustainable local entrepreneurship and

livelihood development

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Opportunity Identification

Product Development/RedesignDiversificationValue Addition

Resource MobilizationCredit

Machinery Labor

Raw MaterialSkill

Infrastructure Utilities

ProductionQuality Control

Inventory ManagementPacking & Packaging

DistributionSelection of Outlets

TransportPhysical Placement

SalePersonal Selling

Collection of Cash

Business Cycle

Enterprise Development Inputs

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The Problem

Community

BLOCK

Technical Training Designing

New Opportunities

Markets &Outlets

Finance

Diversification

Technology

Raw Material

Transport

Packing&

Packaging

Distribution

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Community Needs Access

Technical Training

Designing

New Opportunities

Outlets

Finance

Diversification

Technology

Raw Material

TransportPacking

& Packaging

Distribution

Community

Resources

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EAP: Objectives1

To create, support and mentor local Business Development Service Providers (BDSP) as

activists, advisors and promoters of economic change

at community level

2To develop/support

entrepreneurs, producers and ultra-poor through a

comprehensive enterprise training and support program

institutionalized at village level

The LaboratoryThe Primary Program

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Social Activism

Enterprise Development

Basic PhilosophyUnique Combination Possible

Enterprise Activist

They Hear a Different Drumbeat

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EAP: A Cascade Model1 District over 2 years

Enterprise Activists

6m 6f

72m72f

Entrepreneur

360-720m

Producers

360-720f

= 12

= 144

Total targeted in 2 years = 876-1596

= 720-1440

Cascade Model

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EAP: Capacity Building Framework

Anchoring the Program

Nurturing the Program

Institutionalizingthe Program

12-15 Local Social Activists selected

as Potential Enterprise Activists

• Orientation• Selection • ToT (1)• Center Assessment• ToT (2)

To facilitate institutionalization, train Activists in:

• Enterprise Development, Designing, Managing Exposure Visits, Marketing

• To train Entrepreneurs in:• Enterprise Development,

Bookkeeping, Skills, etc

….transformed into ….

Effective Business Development Service

Providers (BDSP)

• Registration of a Local Forum

• Establishment of Resource Centre

• Development of Livelihood Committees at Village and UC levels

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Selection of Enterprise ActivistsObjectives• Selection of suitable candidate with

Heart&Mind• Willing to help community for their

development

Methodology• Activist Tool was developed• Test conducted in regional offices• Activists interviewed and short listed for

EAP

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Exposure Visit(Enterprise Activists)

Objectives:• Exposure to, and linkages with,

wholesale markets

• Forward-Backward Linkages for a range of businesses

• Exposure to, and Participation in, National Exhibitions and Melas

• Identification of Technical Training Institutions and Resource Persons

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Some Achievements1. Forums established, recognized and owned by the

community – local CBOs on board and supportive2. Cascade model in place, allowing biggest impact at the

bottom – the focus remains on producers and the poorest, while entrepreneurs rev up the economic engine within the community

3. A vast range of business have been covered so that community may develop a large number of backward-forward linkages

4. The entire business cycle is supported 5. EAs handle issues such as women’s participation, dealing

with local influences, managing costs for eventual sustainability

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