the russian orthodox church collaborated with the white army in the russian civil war

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The Russian Orthodox Church collaborated with the White Army in the Russian Civil War (see White movement) after the October Revolution. This may have further strengthened the Bolshevik animus against the church. According to Lenin, a communist regime cannot remain neutral on the question of religion but must show itself to be merciless towards it. There was no place for the church in Lenin's classless society.[citation needed] Before and after the October Revolution of 7 November 1917 (October 25 Old Calendar) there was a movement within the Soviet Union to unite all of the people of the world under Communist rule (see Communist International). This included the Eastern European bloc countries as well as the Balkan States. Since some of these Slavic states tied their ethnic heritage to their ethnic churches, both the peoples and their church were targeted by the Soviet and its form of State atheism.[62][63] The Soviets' official religious stance was one of "religious freedom or tolerance", though the state established atheism as the only scientific truth.[64][65] [66] Criticism of atheism was strictly forbidden and sometimes resulted in imprisonment.[67] The Soviet Union was the first state to have as an ideological objective the elimination of religion. Toward that end, the Communist regime led by such figures as Felix Dzerzhinsky and Lavrentiy Beria of the Cheka confiscated and destroyed church property (see Kamoyants St. Gevorg), ridiculed religion, harassed believers, and propagated atheism in the schools. Actions toward particular religions, however, were determined by State interests, and most organized religions were never outlawed. It is estimated that some 20 million Christians (17 million Orthodox and 3 million Roman Catholic) died or were interned in gulags.[68] Some actions against Orthodox priests and believers along with execution included torture being sent to prison camps, labour camps or mental hospitals.[69][70] The result of state sponsored atheism was to transform the Church into a persecuted and martyred Church. In the first five years after the Bolshevik revolution, 28 bishops and 1,200 priests were executed.

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Page 1: The Russian Orthodox Church Collaborated With the White Army in the Russian Civil War

The Russian Orthodox Church collaborated with the White Army in the Russian Civil War (see White movement) after the October Revolution. This may have further strengthened the Bolshevik animus against the church. According to Lenin, a communist regime cannot remain neutral on the question of religion but must show itself to be merciless towards it. There was no place for the church in Lenin's classless society.[citation needed]

Before and after the October Revolution of 7 November 1917 (October 25 Old Calendar) there was a movement within the Soviet Union to unite all of the people of the world under Communist rule (see Communist International). This included the Eastern European bloc countries as well as the Balkan States. Since some of these Slavic states tied their ethnic heritage to their ethnic churches, both the peoples and their church were targeted by the Soviet and its form of State atheism.[62][63] The Soviets' official religious stance was one of "religious freedom or tolerance", though the state established atheism as the only scientific truth.[64][65][66] Criticism of atheism was strictly forbidden and sometimes resulted in imprisonment.[67]

The Soviet Union was the first state to have as an ideological objective the elimination of religion. Toward that end, the Communist regime led by such figures as Felix Dzerzhinsky and Lavrentiy Beria of the Cheka confiscated and destroyed church property (see Kamoyants St. Gevorg), ridiculed religion, harassed believers, and propagated atheism in the schools. Actions toward particular religions, however, were determined by State interests, and most organized religions were never outlawed. It is estimated that some 20 million Christians (17 million Orthodox and 3 million Roman Catholic) died or were interned in gulags.[68] Some actions against Orthodox priests and believers along with execution included torture being sent to prison camps, labour camps or mental hospitals.[69][70] The result of state sponsored atheism was to transform the Church into a persecuted and martyred Church. In the first five years after the Bolshevik revolution, 28 bishops and 1,200 priests were executed.

En 1914 había 55 173 iglesias ortodoxas rusas y 29 593 capillas, 112 629 sacerdotes y diáconos, 550 monasterios y conventos 475 con un total de 95 259 monjes y monjas en Rusia.

El año 1917 fue un punto de inflexión en la historia de Rusia y de la Iglesia ortodoxa rusa.8 El Imperio ruso se disolvió y el gobierno zarista —que había otorgado numerosos privilegios a la Iglesia— fue derrocado. Después de unos meses de agitación política, los bolcheviques tomaron el poder en octubre de 1917 y declararon la separación de la Iglesia y el Estado. Así, la Iglesia ortodoxa rusa se encontró sin apoyo oficial del estado por primera vez en su historia. Uno de los primeros decretos del nuevo gobierno comunista (emitido en enero de 1918) declaró la libertad de la "propaganda religiosa y anti-religiosa". Esto condujo a una marcada disminución en el poder y de influencia eclesiástica. La Iglesia también quedó atrapada en el fuego cruzado de la guerra civil rusa, que comenzó más tarde ese mismo año, y muchos líderes de la Iglesia apoyaron al que, en última instancia, llegó a ser el bando perdedor (el movimiento blanco).

Page 2: The Russian Orthodox Church Collaborated With the White Army in the Russian Civil War

La Iglesia Ortodoxa de Rusia apoyó al Ejército Blanco en la guerra civil después de la Revolución de octubre y esto fortaleció, aún más, la antipatía bolchevique contra la Iglesia. De hecho, ya en 1905, Vladimir Lenin, líder del Partido Bolchevique, reprendió a la religión en Novaya Zhizn en 1905 "... La religión es el opio del pueblo. La religión es una especie de bebida espiritual, en la que los esclavos del capital ahogan su imagen humana, su demanda de una vida más o menos digna del hombre..."

Incluso antes del final de la guerra civil y el establecimiento de la Unión Soviética, la Iglesia ortodoxa rusa se vio presionada por el gobierno comunista secular. El gobierno soviético se apoyó en la antireligión, viendo a la Iglesia como una organización "contrarrevolucionaria" y una voz independiente con una gran influencia en la sociedad. Pese a que la Unión Soviética reclamó oficialmente la tolerancia religiosa, en la práctica, el gobierno desalentó la religión organizada y luchó por eliminar la influencia religiosa en la sociedad soviética.