The Schizophrenic Sixties

The Era of Pessimism and Activism

1960s Slang

Ankle Biters-little kids

Bad scene-an unpleasant event

Bat phone-police officers phone

Beach bunny-non surfing girl on the beach

More Slang

Bummer

an unpleasant experience Downer

Drop out-hippie jargon for dropping out of society-left the norms of society-nonconformists.

Flake-off-go away-scram

More slang

Flower child-hippie

Go-go-disco-techno music

Groovy-outstanding

Hang loose-relax

Even More Slang

Mop top-boy with long hair (the Beatles)

Nifty-useful or good

Straight-someone who did not use drugs

Teeny-bopper-a young teen female rock fan

Enough with the slang already

The man-anyone in authority

Threads-clothes

Tough toenails- too bad

Cool-something exciting or groovy

What We Were Reading

To Kill A Mockingbird is a semi-autobiographical Southern Gothic novel by Harper

Lee. The 1960 novel, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1961, is loosely based on the lives of various friends and members of the author's family, but with differing character names. The novel contains many themes such as selfishness, courage, pride, prejudice, and life's many stages, set against a backdrop of life in the Deep South. The book was adapted for film by director Robert Mulligan with a screenplay by Horton Foote in 1962. It is, to date, her only published novel. It is said by Harper Lee (author) is that the character Jean Louise "Scout" Finch is somewhat based on herself.

The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich

by journalist William L. Shirer was the first definitive history of Nazi Germany in English.

Catch 22

is a satirical, historical fiction novel by the American author Joseph Heller, first published in 1961. The novel, set during the latter stages of the Second World War from 1943 onwards, is frequently cited as one of the great literary works of the Twentieth Century.

Silent Spring

a book written by Rachel Carson and published by Houghton Mifflin in September 1962. The book is widely credited with launching the environmentalism movement in the West.

When Silent Spring was published, Rachel Carson was already a well-known writer on natural history, but had not previously been a social critic. The book was widely read (especially after its selection by the Book-of-the-Month Club and an endorsement by Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas), spending several weeks on the New York Times best-seller list, and inspired widespread public concerns with pesticides and pollution of the environment. Silent Spring facilitated the ban of the pesticide DDT in 1972 in the United States.

The book claimed detrimental effects of pesticides on the environment, particularly on birds. Carson accused the chemical industry of spreading disinformation, and public officials of accepting industry claims uncritically. She proposed a biotic approach to pest control as an alternative to DDT, claiming that DDT had been found to cause thinner egg shells and result in reproductive problems and death.

Seven Days in May

a political thriller novel published by Harper & Row, New York in 1962 (current hardcover edition: written by Fletcher Knebel and Charles W. Bailey.

A Moveable Feast

is a set of memoirs by American author Ernest Hemingway. The book relates anecdotes of Hemingway's years in Paris as part of the American expatriate circle of writers in the 1920's. Some of the prominent people to make an appearance in the book include Aleister Crowley, Ezra Pound, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ford Madox Ford, Hilaire Belloc, James Joyce and Gertrude Stein. The book was edited by Ernest's fourth wife, Mary Hemingway, and published posthumously in 1964.

The book contains Hemingway's personal accounts, observations, and stories of his experience in 1920s Paris. He provides the detail of specific addresses of cafes, bars, hotels, and apartments that still can be found in modern day Paris.

The Spy Who Came In from the Cold

is a 1963 espionage novel by John le Carré. It is a spy novel based on the Cold War

period of East/West "bloc" tensions. Based primarily in Eastern Europe it follows the character of Alec Leamas.

Dune

is a science fiction novel written by Frank Herbert and published in 1965.

Dune is set far in the future amidst a sprawling feudal interstellar empire where planetary fiefdoms are controlled by noble Houses that owe allegiance to the Imperial House Corrino. The novel tells the story of young Paul Atreides (heir apparent to Duke Leto Atreides and scion of House Atreides) as he and his family relocate to the planet Arrakis, the only source of the spice melange, the most important and valuable substance in the universe. In a story that explores the complex interactions of politics, religion, ecology, technology, and human emotion, the fate of Paul, his family, his new planet and its native inhabitants, as well as the Padishah Emperor, the powerful Spacing Guild, and the secretive female order of the Bene Gesserit, are all drawn together into a confrontation that will change the course of humanity.

In Cold Blood

Author Truman Capote

details the 1959 murders of Herbert Clutter, a wealthy farmer from Holcomb, Kansas; his wife, Bonnie; their 16-year-old daughter, Nancy; and their 15-year-old son, Kenyon, and the aftermath. Capote said that he had created a new type of book, the nonfiction novel, by applying traditional literary conventions to crime reporting. Critics have debated the degree to which Capote fabricated certain events in his book.

The Valley of the Dolls

best selling novel by Jacqueline Susann, published in 1966. The book and film tell the story of three young women who

meet when all are embarking on the beginning of their careers. Neely O'Hara is a plucky kid with undeniable talent who is working in a Broadway play which stars the legendary actress Helen Lawson. Jennifer North, a beautiful blonde with limited talent is appearing in the chorus. Anne Welles has recently arrived from New England with hopes of success in New York City and she is working for an agency that represents Helen Lawson. The three women become fast friends, and share a bond of ambition and the tendency to be involved with the wrong men.

Rolling Stone (1967)

is an American magazine devoted to music, politics and popular culture that is published bi-weekly.

The Whole Earth Catalog

was a sizeable catalog published twice a year from 1968 to 1972, and occasionally thereafter, until 1998. Its purposes were to provide education and "access to tools" in order that the reader could "find his own inspiration, shape his own environment, and share his adventure with whoever is interested." According to Apple Computer entrepreneur Steve Jobs, the Catalog was a conceptual forerunner of a Web search engine.

THE GRADUATE-1967

DR. ZHIVAGO-1965

THE JUNGLE BOOK-1967

2001 A SPACE ODYSSEY-1968

GUESS WHO’S COMING TO DINNER-1967

BUTCH CASSIDY AND THE SUNDANCE KID (1969)

EASY RIDER-1969

ONE MILLION YEARS BC- 1966

THE DIRTY DOZEN-1967

MARY POPPINS-1964

MY FAIR LADY-1964

WEST SIDE STORY-1961

West Side Story

FUNNY GIRL-1968

Funny Girl

THE SOUND OF MUSIC-1965

The Sound of Music

Rock and Roll

The early music lacked social content By 1964-65 music began to develop social

conscience. 1965-69-teen music-rock and roll identified

with the counter culture The counter culture was seeking altenatives

to the status quo.

The Songs Were about:

Anti War Civil Rights Love Peace Social Reform Drugs

Woodstock

August 1969 A 3 day peaceful rock festival held on a small farm in New

York. Problems:1. Ticket Control-200,000 tickets sold2. Lack of Food and Water3. Traffic Problems4. Drug Problems Peaceful Showed that young people had different values than their

parents

The Altamont Music Fesitival

December of 1969 300,000 people, well planned by the Rolling Stones

and organized. Negative-Hells Angels were hired as security. A man stabbed to death A hit and run Drowning This brings an end to the optimistic rock era.

The MusicThe British Invasion

The Beatles

The Beatles on Ed Sullivan

The Rolling Stones

Ruby Tuesday

The Who

My Generation

The Kinks

You Really Got Me

The Dave Clark 5

Glad All Over

Herman’s Hermits

I’m Henry the VIII

The Yardbirds

Heart Full of Soul

Procul Harum

Salty Dog

Gerry and the Pacemakers

Ferry Across the Mercy

Peter and Gordon

A World Without Love

The Hollies

He Aint Heavy (He’s My Brother)

Manfred Mann

Doo Wah Diddy Diddy

Traffic

40,000 Headmen

Bob Dylan

The Times They Are A Changing

Country Joe and the Fish

Fell Like I’m Fixing To Die Rag

Joan Baez

With God On Our Side

Peter Paul and Mary

Blowing in The Wind

Judy Collins

Both Sides Now

Rock

Jimi Hendrix The Doors Iron Butterfly Janis Joplin Pink Floyd Jefferson Airplane Led Zeppelin

Motown

Berry Gordy was the founder of this record label founded primarily for black artists.

The Sound has strong rhythm and simple lyrics.

Motown was cleaned up soul music. The home base was Detroit, Michigan.

Artists

The Temptations

Smokey Robinson and the Miracles

The Tracks of My Tears

The Four Tops

I Can’t Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)

The Supremes

You Can’t Hurry Love

The Supremes

Stevie Wonder

Fingertips

Martha and the Vandellas

Dancing in the Streets

Mary Wells

My Guy

Other Top Artists of the Decade

The Mamas and The Papas

California Dreaming

The Beach Boys

Wouldn’t It Be Nice

Jan and Dean

The Little Old Lady From Pasadena

The Four Seasons

Let’s Hang On

Sonny and Cher

I’ve Got You Babe

The Monkees

Top Hits of the Decade

1960 Percy Faith The Theme From A Summer’s Place

1961

Bobby Lewis Tossing and Turning

1962

Ray Charles

I Can’t Stop Loving You

1963

Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs

The Sugar Shack

1964

I Want To Hold Your Hand The Beatles

1965

The Rolling Stones Satisfaction

1966

The Monkees I’m a Believer

1967

Lulu To Sir With Love

1968

Hey Jude

The Beatles

1969

The Fifth Dimension Aquarius (Let The Sunshine)

Other Pop ArtistsNancy Sinatra

Petula Clark

Downtown

The Byrds

Turn, Turn, Turn

The Doors

Light My Fire

The Turtles

Happy Together

Creedence Clearwater Revival

Down on The Corner

The Animals

The House of the Rising Sun

Sports of the 1960s: The Athletes

Baseball

Roger Maris-was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball who is primarily remembered for breaking Babe Ruth's 34-year-old single-season home run record in 1961 on the last day of the season.

Baseball

Sandy Koufax an American former left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire

career for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers from 1955 to 1966. Koufax's career peaked with a run of six outstanding seasons from 1961 to 1966, before

arthritis ended his career at age 30. He was named the National League's Most Valuable Player in 1963, and won the 1963, 1965, and 1966 Cy Young Awards by unanimous votes; in all three seasons, he won the pitcher's triple crown by leading the league (indeed, both major leagues) in wins, strikeouts, and earned run average.[1][2] A notoriously difficult pitcher for batters to face, he was the first major leaguer to pitch more than three no-hitters, to average fewer than seven hits allowed per nine innings pitched in his career, and to strike out more than nine batters per nine innings pitched in his career.[3]

Among NL pitchers with at least 2,000 innings pitched who have debuted since 1913, he has the highest career winning percentage (.655), and had the lowest career ERA (2.76) until Tom Seaver ended 1974 with a 2.47 mark. His 2,396 career strikeouts ranked 7th in major league history upon his retirement, and trailed only Warren Spahn's total of 2,583 among left-handers. Retiring at the peak of his career, he became, at age 36 and 20 days, the youngest player ever elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame.[4]

Koufax, an American Jew, also refused to pitch Game 1 of the 1965 World Series because game day fell on Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement.[5]

Basketball

Bill Russell professional basketball player who played center for the Boston Celtics of the NBA. A five-

time winner of the NBA Most Valuable Player Award and a twelve-time All-Star, the 6 ft 9 in Russell was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty that won eleven NBA Championships during Russell's thirteen-year career. Along with Henri Richard of the NHL's Montreal Canadiens, Russell holds the record for the most championships won by an athlete in a North American sports league. Before his professional career, Russell led the University of San Francisco to two consecutive National Collegiate Athletic Association championships (1955, 1956). He also won a gold medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics as captain of the U.S. national basketball team.

Russell is widely considered one of the best defensive players in NBA history. His shot-blocking and man-to-man defense were major reasons for the Celtics' success, and he inspired other players to elevate their own defensive play. Russell was equally notable for his rebounding abilities. He led the NBA in rebounds four times and tallied 21,620 total rebounds in his career. He is one of just two NBA players (the other being prominent rival Wilt Chamberlain) to have grabbed over fifty rebounds in a single game. Though never the focal point of the Celtics' offense, Russell also scored 14,522 career points and provided effective passing.

Basketball

Wilt Chamberlin nicknamed Wilt the Stilt and The Big Dipper, was an

American professional National Basketball Association (NBA) basketball player for the Philadelphia / San Francisco Warriors, the Philadelphia 76ers and the Los Angeles Lakers; and also played for the Harlem Globetrotters. The 7 ft 1 in Chamberlain, who weighed 250 lb as a rookie[1] before bulking up to 275 lb and eventually over 300 lb with the Lakers,[2] played the center position and is credited as being one of the most successful and dominant players in the history of the NBA.

Football

Joe Namath also known as Broadway Joe, was an American football Hall of Fame

quarterback in the American Football League and National Football League during the 1960s and 1970's.

Namath played for the New York Jets for most of his career. He finished out his career with the Los Angeles Rams.

Namath retired with a record of 77 wins, 108 losses and 3 ties. In his career he threw 173 touchdowns and 220 interceptions. During his thirteen years in the AFL and NFL he played on three division champions (the 1968 and 1969 AFL East Champion Jets and the 1977 NFC West Champion Rams), earned one league championship (1968 AFL Championship), and one world championship (Super Bowl III). He was 2-1 as a starter in the playoffs.

Boxing

Mohammed Ali American boxer and former three time World Heavyweight Champion.

In 1999, Ali was crowned "Sportsman of the Century" by Sports Illustrated. He also won the North American Boxing Federation championship and an Olympic gold medal.

Ali was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He was named after his father, Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr., in turn named for the 19th century abolitionist and politician Cassius Clay. Ali changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam and subsequently converted to Sunni Islam in 1975.

Total fights61 Wins56 Wins KO37 Losses5 Draws0 No contests0

Tennis

Margaret Court tennis player from Australia. According to the

International Tennis Hall of Fame, "For sheer strength of performance and accomplishment there has never been a tennis player to match" her.[1] Between 1960 and 1975, she won a record 62 Grand Slam titles – 24 singles, 19 women's doubles, and 19 mixed doubles. In 1970, she became only the second woman player to win all four Grand Slam singles titles in the same calendar year.

Rod Laver

tennis player from Australia who was the World No. 1 player for up to 7 consecutive years. More famously, he is the only player in tennis history to have twice won all four of tennis' Grand Slam singles titles in the same year—first as an amateur in 1962, and then again as a professional in 1969. For this achievement, Laver is considered by many tennis fans to be the greatest player of all time.

Golf

Arnold Palmeran American golfer who has won numerous events on both the PGA Tour and Champions Tour, dating back to 1955. Nicknamed "The King," Arnold was born in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. Palmer is not generally regarded as the greatest player in the history of men's professional golf, but he is arguably golf's most popular star and its most important trailblazer because he was the first star of the sport's television age, which began in the 1950s.

Palmer won the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998, and has been inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame.

Palmer Stats

BirthSeptember 10, 1929 ) (age 77)Latrobe, PennsylvaniaHeight5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)Weight185 lb (84 kg)Nationality  United StatesResidenceLatrobe, PennsylvaniaOrlando, FloridaCollegeWake Forest UniversityCareerTurned Pro1954ToursPGA Tour (joined 1955)Champions Tour (joined 1980)Professional wins95, PGA Tour: 62, Other regular: 18Champions Tour: 10, Other senior: 5Best Results in Major ChampionshipsWins: 7MastersWon 1958, 1960, 1962, 1964U.S. OpenWon 1960British OpenWon 1961, 1962PGA ChampionshipT2: 1964, 1968, 1970AwardsPGA TourMoney Winner1958, 1960, 1962, 1963PGAPlayer of the Year1960, 1962

Jack Nicklaus

professional golfer, and is widely regarded as one of the best golfers of all time. Nicklaus was highly competitive on the PGA Tour from the time he turned professional in 1961 until well into the 1980s, and again on the Champions Tour in the early 1990s. Together with Arnold Palmer, he is credited with turning golf into the major spectator sport it has become. While Palmer brought golf into the television era, it was the developing Nicklaus-Palmer rivalry that drove subsequent interest.

Nicklaus Stats

Major Championship resultsWins: 18 Masters Won 1963, 1965, 1966, 1972, 1975, 1986U.S. Open Won 1962, 1967, 1972, 1980British Open Won 1966, 1970, 1978PGA Championship Won 1963, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1980

Awards PGA TourMoney Winner 1964, 1965, 1967, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1976 PGAPlayer of the Year 1967, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1976

Fashions

Men

Long Hair Flared Pants More Color Options Bell Bottoms

Women’s Fashions

Mini Skirt Midi Skirt Maxi Skirt Go go boots Bell bottoms

Hippy Fashions

Flowers Long dresses Flowers in hair Flower decals Tie-dyed t-shirts Bell bottoms They Shopped army/navy shops Thrift Stores They went natural: 1. barefoot 2. unkempt hair 3. no make-up 4. no bra

Hair

Beehive

Bouffant

Big hair Jackie Kennedy Mary Tyler Moore

Women wore hats

Regained popularity due to the fact that they were worn by First Lady Jackie Kennedy

Required in Catholic Church up until 1965.

Women’s role in Society

By 1960 1/3 of women were in the work force. Women were restricted by society to the following jobs: Receptionist Teacher Nurse Salesclerk Secretary Factory work Houswife

Women earned 60% less then men

If I man’s wages in this decade was $15,000 per year, a woman would roughly earn about $6,000.

The man was considered the bread winner of the family.

Birth Control Pills Revolutionize Women’s Sexual Freedom

Approved by the FDA in 1960. 1961-400,000 prescriptions were written 1963-2.3 million were writtem Marriage was of often postponed by women after

1965. 1. The growth of the women’s movement. 2. Cultural acceptance of premarital sex. The divorce rate began to double by the end of the

decade.

Dances of the decade

Twist-most popular Jerk Monkey Pony Swim Mashed potato Skate Shimmy

Pop Culture Fun Facts

Barbie hits her stride in 1960. Made by Mattel Barbie has become a pop culture icon.

Girls collected Barbie clothes that reflected the fashion of the times.

Ken enters Barbie’s life in 1961. Ken marries Barbie in 1965. Ken divorces Barbie in 2004. Midge is Barb ie’s best friend. Tutti and Todd are her younger brother and sister.

The Original Barbie sold for $3.00 in 1960.

Barbie as she first appeared.

Alfred Hitchcock

Director of may great films. Many say his most popular were released in

the early 1960s. 1. Psycho 2. The Birds.

The Motion Picture Association of America develops a rating system in 1968.

Rated G: General Audiences. All ages admitted...no matter what

Rated M: Suggested for Mature Audiences. Parental discretion advised.

Rated R: Restricted. Persons under 16 are not admitted unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.

Rated X: Persons under 17 not admitted.

Television

This is also known as the golden age of television. Especially in regards to the situation comedies that were popular!

Comedies:

The Andy Griffith Show-1960-1968

The Dick Van Dyke Show

1961-66-Storylines deal with Rob and his two coworkers, Buddy and Sally, who write material for the TV show. Mel Cooley, a balding straight man (and recipient of numerous insulting one-liners from Buddy), is the show's producer and the brother-in-law of Alan Brady, the show's seldom-seen star. As Rob, Buddy and Sally write for a comedy show, the premise provides a built-in forum for them to "be funny". Other stories focus on the home life of Rob and Laura, who live in suburban New Rochelle, New York. Frequently seen is their young son, Ritchie, as well as their neighbors, Jerry and Millie Helper

Stars: Dick Van Dyke Mary Tyler Moore

The Beverly Hillbillies

1962-1971 In the series, Jed Clampett strikes oil while hunting on his land. He

then moves with his family to Beverly Hills, California, with the resultant wealth.

Often considered the most popular sitcom of the 1960s.

My Favorite Martian

1963-66

Bewitched

1964-72

Bewitched

The focus of the show (which was initially entitled "The Witch of Westport", according to the A&E Biography of Elizabeth Montgomery), is on the mixed marriage of a nose-twitching witch, Samantha Stephens (Montgomery), and her mortal husband, Darrin, originally played by Dick York and later by Dick Sargeant. The series, a romantic comedy, shows how true love can endure the most vexing of situations, even between a witch and a human. Samantha's mother Endora (played by Agnes Moorehead), disapproves of Darrin, as indeed do most of Samantha's family. Many episodes revolve around her, or another of Darrin's spell-binding in-laws, using magic to undermine the union. Although Endora casts countless spells on Darrin, she never outright banishes him from Samantha's life, or casts any spells of permanence. Endora's goal seems to be to pressure Darrin into leaving Samantha out of exasperation at her constant intrusions, but Darrin's love for his wife overcomes every obstacle thrown at him. Endora refuses to even remember Darrin's name, invariably calling him "Derwood", "Darwin,", and even "Dumb Dumb", much to Darrin's agitation.

The Addams Family

1964-66 A satirical inversion of the ideal American nuclear family, they are an eccentric

wealthy family who delight in everything grotesque and macabre, and are never really aware that people find them bizarre or frightening.

The Munsters

1964-66-sitcom depicting the home life of a family of horror movie monsters. Much of the humor derived from the fact that they did not have the slightest idea that they were in any way different from their neighbors. Comedy also came from their daily interaction with modern-day society, and the usual horrified or frightened reactions of those around them at their ghoulish appearance.

Gilligan’s Island

1964-67

The show followed the comic adventures of seven castaways, a representative microcosm of white American society, as they attempted to escape from a

previously uninhabited island where they were shipwrecked and stranded.

Get Smart

1965-70

Get Smart

The series starred Don Adams as bumbling secret agent Maxwell Smart, Agent 86. Barbara Feldon’s character (Agent 99) is never named; even after Smart married her, he (and everyone else) continued to always address her as "99". Smart and 99 worked for CONTROL, a secret U.S. Government spy agency based in Washington, D.C. (123 Main Street). Together, the pair investigated and opposed various threats to the world while Smart's bumbling caused complications. However, at each story's climax, Smart never failed to save the day, typically thanks to his own dumb luck and 99's competence. Looking on was the long-suffering Chief (played by Edward Platt), who was always addressed as "Chief". Unlike Agent 99, Chief was revealed to have a name—Thaddeus—on a few occasions.

The nemesis of CONTROL was KAOS, and KAOS's Vice President of Public Relations and Terror, Siegfried (Bernie Kopell), showed up often as Maxwell Smart's opponent, or would-be assassin. Though on opposite sides, Max and Siegfried clicked personally, and spoke fondly of one another—even when trying to kill each other.

Other characters included Hymie the Robot (Dick Gautier), a powerful android who tended to take orders too literally; Agent 13 (Dave Ketchum), who was forever being stationed inside weird places such as mailboxes, washing machines, lockers, and other objects; Agent 44 (Victor French), who regularly suffered the same fate as Agent 13; Agent Larrabee (Robert Karvelas), the Chief's slow-witted assistant; Shtarker (King Moody), Siegfried's chief henchman; and Fang (Agent K-13), a badly-trained dog working for CONTROL.

I Dream of Jeannie

1965-70

Batman

1966-68

Mr. Ed

1961-66

The Flying Nun

1967-70

The Lucy Show

1962-68

That Girl

1966-71

Rowan and Martin’s Laugh In

1968-73

Goldie Hawn

Lily Tomlin

Drama

Many police and doctor shows.

The Twilight Zone

Rod Seling-1959-64

Star Trek

1966-69

Ben Casey

1961-66

Dr. Kildare

1961-66

I Spy

1965-68

The Avengers

1961-69

The Mod Squad

1968-72

The Man From U.N.C.L.E.

1964-68

Peyton Place

1964-69

United States Events

John F. Kennedy 1. The youngest elected President and first Roman Catholic President. 2. Handsome, enthusiastic and taking us to the future. 3. His administration was focused on space and technology. 4. “Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country.

Kennedy

Martin Luther King Jr.

Wanted a peaceful means to Civil Rights “I have a dream speech”

Malcolm X

Black activist who felt that violence was the way to equal rights.

When he changes his mind he is killed.

Lyndon Baines Johnson

Became president after Kennedy’s assassination.

Sworn in on Air Force One. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution brings us to full

military involvement in Vietnam.

Richard Nixon

Becomes President in 1968

Assassinations

John F. Kennedy-1963-Lee Harvey Oswald Malcolm X-1965-The Nation of Islam Dr. Martin Luther King-1968-James Earl Ray Robert F. Kennedy-Sirhan Sirhan

World Events:

Bay of Pigs The Cuban Missile Crisis The Escalation of the Vietnam War

Who we knew:

Mohammad Ali American boxer and former three time World Heavyweight

Champion. In 1999, Ali was crowned "Sportsman of the Century" by Sports Illustrated. He also won the North American Boxing Federation championship and an Olympic gold medal.

Ali was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He was named after his father, Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr., in turn named for the 19th century abolitionist and politician Cassius Clay. Ali changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam and subsequently converted to Sunni Islam in 1975.

Neal Armstrong

former American astronaut, test pilot, university professor, and Naval Aviator. Armstrong was the first human to set foot on the Moon and was the first person ever to step on an extraterrestrial world. His first spaceflight was Gemini 8 in 1966, for which he was the command pilot. On this mission, he performed the first manned docking of two spacecraft together with pilot David Scott. Armstrong's second and last spaceflight was as mission commander of the Apollo 11 moon landing mission on July 20, 1969. On this famous "giant leap for mankind," Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descended to the lunar surface and spent 2.5 hours exploring while Michael Collins orbited above.

Johnny Carson

was an American actor, comedian and writer best known for his iconic status as the host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.

John F. Kennedy

President 1960-63

Timothy Leary

was an American writer, psychologist, advocate of psychedelic drug research and use, and one of the first people whose remains have been sent into space. As a 1960s counterculture icon, he is most famous as a proponent of the therapeutic and spiritual benefits of LSD. He coined and popularized the catch phrase "Turn on, tune in, drop out."

Dr. Martin Luther King

Civil Right Leader

Charles Manson

was leader of what came to be known as the Manson Family, a cult-like commune that began to form around him in San Francisco in 1967. He was convicted of conspiracy to commit the Tate-LaBianca murders, which members of the commune carried out at his instruction. Though there was no evidence Manson personally killed any of the victims, he was also found guilty of the murders themselves, through the joint-responsibility rule of conspiracy.

Charles Manson

Manson

Thurgood Marshall

was an American jurist and the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Prior to becoming a judge, he was a lawyer who was best remembered for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for his victory in Brown v. Board of Education .

Thurgood Marshall

Ralph Nader

is an American attorney and political activist. Issues he has promoted include consumer rights, feminism, humanitarianism, environmentalism, and democratic government. Nader has also been a critic of American foreign policy in recent decades, which he views as corporatist, imperialist, and contrary to the fundamental values of democracy and human rights. His activism has played a large part in the creation of many governmental and non-governmental organizations, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Public Citizen, Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs). The Atlantic Monthly, in its list of the 100 most influential Americans, ranked Nader number 96: "He made the cars we drive safer; thirty years later, he made George W. Bush the president"; others discount his role in the 200 presidential election

Elizabeth Taylor

an iconic two-time Academy Award-winning British-American actress.

Her trademark is her violet eyes framed by a double row of eyelashes. Known for her acting skills and the depth of her personality along with her beauty, she is considered one of the great actresses of Hollywood’s golden years, as well as a larger-than-life celebrity.

Elizabeth Taylor

Twiggy (Lesley Hornsby)

an English supermodel, actress, and singer, now also known by her married name of Twiggy Lawson. A 1960's pop icon known for her big eyes, long eyelashes, and thin build, she is regarded as one of the most famous models of her time. Twiggy went on to star in movies, and is currently a judge in the reality show, America's Next Top Model.

TWIGGY