THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

HWH Unit 3

Chapter 1.5

A New World-View

Connections to the Renaissance and the ReformationA re-examination of ancient textsSkepticism toward old assumptionsChallenging the Catholic Church

The Old World-View

Ptolemy, Aristotle, and Geocentrism

Support for Geocentrism

Aristotle’s logic Ptolemy’s math The Bible

Copernicus and Heliocentrism

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

Support for Copernicus

Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)Observational

support for Copernicus

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)Elliptical orbits

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

Galileo and the Inquisition

Bacon, Descartes, and the Scientific Method

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

Baconian Thought

EmpiricismInductive reasoning

○ Start with a question, end with a certainty

Cartesian Thought

Systematic doubt“Cogito ergo sum”

Deductive reasoning Rationalism

Modern Application

Baconian empiricism and induction

+ Cartesian rationalism and deduction

= The modern scientific method

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) The Structure of the Human Body

(1543)

William Harvey (1578-1657) On the Movement of the Heart and

Blood (1628)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)