The Scientific The Scientific RevolutionRevolution

Early ScientistsEarly Scientists

First Sciences that developed were:First Sciences that developed were:

- mathematics- mathematics

- astronomy - astronomy

- medicine- medicine• TheoryTheory – explanation of how and why – explanation of how and why

something happened something happened

New View of UniverseNew View of Universe

Ptolemy Ptolemy – (– (100 A.D.)- Egyptian astronomer100 A.D.)- Egyptian astronomer - stated that the sun and its planets - stated that the sun and its planets

moved around the earth in circular paths (moved around the earth in circular paths (believed for believed for 1400 years)1400 years)

■ ■ Copernicus Copernicus – – Polish mathematician Polish mathematician - believed the sun was at the center - believed the sun was at the center of the universe of the universe -wrote book called :-wrote book called : “ “On the Revolutions of the On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres” Heavenly Spheres”

Ptolemaic UniversePtolemaic Universe

Copernican UniverseCopernican Universe

Why did the revolution happen?Why did the revolution happen?

In the 1400s, Europe’s scientific In the 1400s, Europe’s scientific knowledge expanded because of:knowledge expanded because of:

- - better maps and chartsbetter maps and charts

- new technology- new technology

- voyages of exploration- voyages of exploration

Revolution in AstronomyRevolution in Astronomy

GalileoGalileo – – Italian Scientist, believed that new knowledge Italian Scientist, believed that new knowledge could come through experimentscould come through experiments

- Roman Catholic Church condemned- Roman Catholic Church condemned -improved telescope-found evidence-improved telescope-found evidence to support Copernicus views to support Copernicus views that earth revolved around sunthat earth revolved around sun

Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton

Brought together the ideas of Brought together the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo to Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo to create the law of gravity.create the law of gravity.

Wrote book called Wrote book called PrincipiaPrincipia Law of gravity - Law of gravity - the force of gravity the force of gravity

Holds entire solar system togetherHolds entire solar system together

Ideas about SocietyIdeas about Society

DescartesDescartes – – wrote a book called wrote a book called Discourse on Discourse on Method , Method , founder of modern rationalismfounder of modern rationalism

-”I think therefore I am”-how do you -”I think therefore I am”-how do you know what is true, believed one fact; in his own know what is true, believed one fact; in his own existenceexistence

RationalismRationalism – belief that reason is – belief that reason is the chief source of knowledgethe chief source of knowledge

Francis BaconFrancis Bacon

developed Scientific Methoddeveloped Scientific Method Scientific method-Scientific method- orderly way of orderly way of

collecting and analyzing evidencecollecting and analyzing evidence HypothesisHypothesis- explanation of the facts- explanation of the facts

Scientific MethodScientific Method