the scientific revolution & concept of the heliocentric universe nicolas copernicus galileo...
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The Scientific Revolution & Concept of the Heliocentric Universe
Nicolas CopernicusGalileo GalileiFrancis Bacon
II. Two Theories of the Universe
A. The Geocentric Theory envisioned an earth-centered universe
1. This idea was made popular by Aristotle – 300’s BC
2. It was later supported by Ptolemy
Ptolemy of Alexandria
• Mathematician / geographer
• Greek descent• Alexandria• Almagest – 2nd
century AD
The Catholic Church supported the Geocentric Theory because it was consistent with religious doctrine that god had made the earth a special place in the universe
1. For almost 1,500 years, the Church supported almost all of Aristotle’s scientific theories as fact
Jigsaw Activity
• Gather in your groups• Read your documents• Discuss important themes• Complete your worksheets
Nicholas Copernicus• A. Copernicus was so fearful of being considered a heretic that he
waited until the last year of his life to publish his theory1. However, his ideas spread despite Church
condemnation and were eventually embraced by others
Johannes Kepler• (1571-1630) - Austrian• He had already accepted the Copernican picture and tried to use his superior data to see if it could fit better than the Ptolemaic theory.
Galileo• While he had already thought Copernicus' model was best Galileo felt this DATA had PROVEN it.
The Scientific method was championed by Francis Bacon
1. He was an English writer who felt that scholars had assumed Aristotle’s teachings to be truth without testing them
2. He emphasized the need for experimentation over simple observation in arriving at conclusions (scientific method)
Sir Isaac Newton was the pioneer of modern physics
1. He was an English scientist who developed the law of gravity to explain the movement of the planets
*This further confirmed the Heliocentric Theory
Newton Continued
• 2. His theories asserted that all celestial bodies are attracted to each other by an invisible force directly related to the mass of the object
• 3. Newton believed that god had designed the universe like a giant clock, with gravity dominating its motions
Which society was first to discover the Earth to be spherical and measure its
circumference?
A. By the Greeks
Whose suggestion that the Sun is the center of the solar system was first taken seriously by
many people?• Copernicus
Resources
• www.chara.gsu.edu/~wiita/a1010heliocentric4.ppt• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17jymDn0W6U• faculty.rcc.edu/buenviaje/.../The%20Scientific
%20Revolution.ppt• www.encyclopediabritannica.com• Scientific Culture and the Making of the Industrial
West• By Margaret C. Jacob