the scramble for africa. the new imperialism new imperialism was not based upon the settlement of...
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The Scramble for Africa
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The New Imperialism
• New Imperialism was not based upon the settlement of colonies
• Europeans wanted to directly govern• Driven by economic interests, political
competition and cultural motives
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Economic Interests
• Slave trade was abolished and the industrial revolution meant that people needed raw materials for factories.
• Africa had plenty of land and plenty of resources.
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Political Interests
• As each European country began to obtain land in Africa, the other Nationalistic European countries would try to obtain land to keep their competition in check.
• Belief = The more colonies you have, the more respect you will receive
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Cultural Interests
• Europeans felt superior to non-Europeans
• This justified their rule in Africa
• Their noble duty was to educate and to civilize the Africans
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Science and Imperialism
• Quinine protected Europeans against malaria.
• Anticipate: How do you suppose automatic machine guns, telegraphs, railroads, and steamships helped the Europeans to be Imperialistic in Africa?
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Suez Canal• Canal that links the
Mediterranean to the Red Sea
• Eliminates the need for ships to sail all the way around Africa
• Egypt was unstable in 1882 and the British made Egypt a protectorate to ensure canal access
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Berlin Conference
• 1884-1885 European leaders were trying to prevent conflicts among themselves
• If a European nation claimed a new African territory, it had to notify the other members
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The Boer War
• Boers = Dutch settlers who had been living in southern Africa since the 1600s.
• Boers discovered gold there in the 1800s and refused to grant political rights to foreigners.
• The British wanted southern Africa and began imprisoning British women and children and burned Boer farms
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The Boer War
• The Dutch replied with guerilla warfare• 20,000 Boer women died in the prison camps
from disease• Ultimately the British defeat the Boers
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Belgian Congo
• Leopold II – King of Belgium, claimed the Congo for himself and began exploiting their natural resources
• Leopold forced the Congolese to work in rubber plantations and millions died from being overworked.
• 1908 – the Belgium government takes control
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African Resistence
• Shaka and The Zulu• Menelik II in Ethiopia
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The Zulu• The Zulu resisted for more
than 50 years• Shaka Zulu was a strong
leader• 1879 – British invasion• Zulu were under the
leadership of Cetshwayo (Shaka’s nephew)
• It took the British about 6 months to annex Zulu lands as a British colony
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Ethiopia and Menelik II
• Menelik II tried to establish a modern army
• Ethiopia was invaded by the Italians
• Menelik defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adwa
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Other African Rebellions
• French West Africa: Toure led the Malinke to resist the French for 15 years, but the Malinke ultimately lost
• German East Africa: rebelled against the Germans for growing and exporting cotton– Maji = magic water– The Maji Maji rebellion– Germans killed tens of thousands and won