the search for extra-terrestrial sources of high energy neutrinos with icecube
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The search for extra-terrestrial sources of high energy neutrinos with IceCube. Gary C. Hill University of Wisconsin, Madison for the IceCube collaboration. Photograph: Forest Banks. It’s a mysterious universe!. cosmic rays charged - bad. Messenger particles for high energy astronomy:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
The search for extra-terrestrial The search for extra-terrestrial sources of high energy neutrinos sources of high energy neutrinos
with IceCubewith IceCube
Photograph: Forest Banks
Gary C. HillGary C. HillUniversity of Wisconsin, MadisonUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison
for the IceCube collaborationfor the IceCube collaboration
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
cosmic rayscosmic rays charged - badcharged - bad
gamma raysgamma rays neutral - goodneutral - good absorbed - badabsorbed - bad
neutrinosneutrinos neutral - goodneutral - good not absorbed -not absorbed - good and bad!good and bad!
It’s a mysterious universe!It’s a mysterious universe!
Messenger particles forMessenger particles forhigh energy astronomy:high energy astronomy:
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Neutrino and gamma production Neutrino and gamma production in cosmic ray accelerators?in cosmic ray accelerators?
ee
0, ppp
ee
Hadronic accelerator? – Hadronic accelerator? – cosmic ray origin?cosmic ray origin?
The TeV gammas?The TeV gammas?
Let’s look for Let’s look for these neutrinos!these neutrinos!
-rays-rays fromfromsynchrotronsynchrotron
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Cosmic ray induced Cosmic ray induced “guaranteed sources”“guaranteed sources”
ee
0, ppp
ee
Cosmic rays on CosmicCosmic rays on CosmicMicrowave Background:Microwave Background: GZK neutrinosGZK neutrinos EHE: 10EHE: 109-109-10 GeV GeV
Cosmic rays on the earth’s atmosphere:Cosmic rays on the earth’s atmosphere:Atmospheric neutrinos Atmospheric neutrinos
Cosmic rays onCosmic rays ongalactic plane:galactic plane:galactic planegalactic planeneutrinosneutrinos
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
The high-energy neutrino skyThe high-energy neutrino sky
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Atmospheric Atmospheric NeutrinosNeutrinos
Cosmic Ray
≈15 Km
π+
+
e+
e
pions, kaons and charmpions, kaons and charm
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
XeNe
XN
backgroundbackgroundatmosphericatmosphericmuonmuon
Direction:Direction:Reconstruction ofReconstruction ofCerenkov coneCerenkov coneEnergy:Energy:Counting of modulesCounting of modulesthat see photonsthat see photons
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Event Signatures in IceCubeEvent Signatures in IceCube
signature signature
1013 eV (10 TeV)~90 hits
6x1015 eV (6 PeV)~1000 hits
Multi-PeV
+N+...
± (300 m!)
+hadrons
AMANDAAMANDA
Expect about 100,000 events/yr
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Where are we pointing?Where are we pointing?
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Moon declination during first 15 yearsMoon declination during first 15 years
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
RA distribution relative to moonRA distribution relative to moon
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Li and Ma significance distributionLi and Ma significance distribution
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Point source searchesPoint source searches
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
IC40 6 month all-sky point source searchIC40 6 month all-sky point source search
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
pre-trial significance 10-4.4
expected in 61% of random skies
IC40 6 month all-sky point source searchIC40 6 month all-sky point source search
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Search for a diffuse Search for a diffuse signal with IC40 signal with IC40
Diffuse modelsDiffuse modelsall harder (~Eall harder (~E-2-2) than) thanatmospheric (~Eatmospheric (~E-3.7-3.7):):energy separationenergy separationNch variableNch variable
Range of Range of spectral slopes:spectral slopes:start with Estart with E-2-2
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Blind regionBlind region
Energy separation:Energy separation:Nch variableNch variableBlind analysis: Blind analysis: Best limit setting powerBest limit setting power(model rejection potential)(model rejection potential)Nch>100Nch>100 E-2 test flux
Atmospheric neutrinos
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Sensitivity:Sensitivity:for bg=6.1 eventsfor bg=6.1 eventsmedian event limit 5.84median event limit 5.84Flux limit : 5.84/66.7x10Flux limit : 5.84/66.7x10-6-6
= 8.8 x 10= 8.8 x 10-8-8
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Unblind the data:Unblind the data:6 events observed6 events observedevent limit 5.84event limit 5.84Flux limit : 5.84/66.1x10Flux limit : 5.84/66.1x10-6-6
= 8.8 x 10= 8.8 x 10-8-8
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Reconstructing The Muon energy lossReconstructing The Muon energy loss
Approximate as:
loglog}){|}({log1
NnnPk
iiiii
dust
ycl
ean
deep
shallow
Incorporate Ice Properties:
Formulate LLH:e+e-
pair-creation
bremsstrahlung
photo-nuclear
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Energy estimator comparisonEnergy estimator comparison
Reconstructed dE/dX Number of Channels
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Atmospheric neutrinos
E-2 test flux
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Likelihood shape analysis - probability Likelihood shape analysis - probability of observable shape distribution {nof observable shape distribution {n i i } }
given theory {given theory {μμii}} ? ?
Product of Poisson probabilities over bins:
)(
1 !
)()})({|}({
i
i
en
nPk
i i
ni
ii
},...,,,...,, 12 kmm 1{
m parameters of interest; k-m nuisance parameters
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Atmospheric neutrinos onlyAtmospheric neutrinos only
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Allowed EAllowed E-2-2 and prompt contributions and prompt contributions
Number of E-2
Nu
mb
er o
f p
rom
pt
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Atmospheric and EAtmospheric and E-2 -2 neutrinosneutrinos
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Allowed EAllowed E-2-2 and prompt contributions and prompt contributions
Number of E-2
Nu
mb
er o
f p
rom
pt
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Atmospheric, EAtmospheric, E-2 -2 and prompt neutrinos and prompt neutrinos
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
Allowed EAllowed E-2-2 and prompt contributions and prompt contributions
Number of E-2
Nu
mb
er o
f p
rom
pt
Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009Gary C. Hill, CCAPP Symposium 2009 , Ohio State University, October 12th, 2009
IC40 diffuse sensitivityIC40 diffuse sensitivity