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The Second Law of Thermodynamics Steven Bearden Ariel Lewis Rebecca White

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Statements of the Second Law

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No process is possible which consists solely in the transfer of heat from one temperature level to a higher one. Work is required HotCold Heat X

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No apparatus can operate in such a way that its only effect in the system and surroundings is to completely convert heat absorbed by a system into work done by the system. You cant have 100% conversion of heat into work within a closed system.

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Entropy Entropy is the driving force to equilibrium. Intrinsic property that represents the unavailability of a systems thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work.

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Carnot Engine Completely reversible No friction Infinitesimal Temperature difference No unrestrained expansion No change in surroundings

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Heat Engine Realistic example Heat reservoirs Rejected heat Irreversibility

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Overview Flaws in first law Importance of second law