the second life of ultra wideband communication€¦ · the second life of ultra wideband...
TRANSCRIPT
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Joerg Koepp
Market Segment Manager Wireless Communication (IoT)
Ezer Bennour
Product Manager Oscilloscopes
THE SECOND LIFE OF ULTRA WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION
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Rohde & Schwarz
A little history on pulse radio
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
German physicist
Heinrich Hertz used a spark
discharge to produce
electromagnetic waves
1893 1901The Italian electrical engineer
Guglielmo Marconi sent the
letter S () more than 2,100
miles across the Atlantic
Lincoln Lab. & Sperry invented
a phased array radar systems.
(ESR) for marine purpose
1950s
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Rohde & Schwarz
To promote wireless
multimedia connectivity
and interoperability
between devices in a
personal area network.
First UWB spec.
Mission to be the voice
of UWB ecosystem in
order to support growth
of UWB techn. through
e2e, vendor-agnostic
interoperability.
Provide seamless user
experiences using the
secured FIne RAnging
and positioning
capabilities of inter-
operable UWB techn.
20 Years of UWB communication and precise ranging
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
2002
In 2002 the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) finally allowed the unlicensed
use of UWB systems in radar, public safety and data communication applications.
2018 20192005 2007
wimedia.org uwballiance.org firaconsortium.org
2012
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Rohde & Schwarz
Ultra wideband definitions
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
DARPA1989: Signals with a fractional bandwidth (Bf)
equal to or larger than 0.25 are classified as UWB signals
Fractional bandwidth (Bf) is the ratio of the 3 dB
signal bandwidth to the center frequency Bf = BW3dB / fc > 0.25
FCC2002: A signal is considered UWB if either the -10 dB bandwidth
of the signal is larger than 500 MHz or it fractional
bandwidth is at least 0.2. PSD limit of -41.3 dBm/MHz
Bf = BW10dB / fc = > 0.2 fH - fL
½ (fH + fL)
Frequencies fL and fH are defined as the lower
and higher 10 dB frequencies of the power
spectrum relative to the PSD peak
Source: UWB communication systems: Conventional and 60 GHz, Shahriar Emami, Springer 2013
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Rohde & Schwarz
Ultra-wideband (UWB) :Low-power short signal pulses over a broad spectrum
UWB pluse – Phase shift keying
1 µs
1 ns
1 MHz
500 MHz
NB/WB e.g. Bluetooth GFSK
2.4 GHz
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
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Rohde & Schwarz
Impulse radio ultra-wideband (UWB) standardization:IEEE 802.15.4 (groups a, f, z)
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
HRP UWB PHYHigh Rate Pulse repetition frequency
base extend long-range DFbase high
Modulation
BPM-BPSK
Pulse Rate:
4.03 MHz
16.10 MHz
62.89 MHz
Modulation
BPM-BPSK
Pulse Rate:
62.4 MHz
Modulation
BPM-BPSK
Pulse Rate:
124.8 MHz
249.6 MHz
Modulation
OOK
Pulse Rate:
1 MHz
Modulation
OOK
Pulse Rate:
1 MHz
Modulation
PPM
Pulse Rate:
2 MHz
Modulation
PBFSK
Pulse Rate:
1 MHz
2 MHz
4 MHz
OOK: On-Off Keying
PPM – Pulse Positioning Modulation
PBFSK – Pulsed binary frequency shift keying
RDEV: Ranging device
ERDEV – Enhanced Ranging Device
BPM - burst position modulation
RDEV ERDEV
base enh. DF
Modulation
PBFSK
Pulse Rate:
1 MHz
2 MHz
4 MHz
DF w/
EPCModulation
PBFSK-PPM
Pulse Rate:
1 MHz
2 MHz
RDEV ERDEV
LRP UWB PHY Low Rate Pulse repetition frequency
802.15.4z802.15.4a/z 802.15.4f/z 802.15.4z
DF – Dual frequency
EPC – enhanced Payload capacity
BPSK -- binary phase shift keying
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UWB channel allocation based on 802.15.4z (Draft 0.8 – March 2020)
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
1 GHz 2 GHz 3 GHz 4 GHz 5 GHz 6 GHz 7 GHz 8 GHz 9 GHz 10 GHz
01
23
45
67
89
0/0* 1/11/2
1/3*
1/4
2/52/6
2/72/8
2/9*2/10
2/112/12
2/132/14
2/15
HRP
subGHz
HRP
low-bandHRP
high-band
LRP
high-band
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Rohde & Schwarz
RF (TX) measurements for HRP UWB
► Baseband impulse response(normalized cross correlation)
► Transmit PSD mask
► Chip rate clock and chip carrier alignment accuracy of ± 20 × 10-6
► Transmit center frequency tolerance of ± 20 × 10-6
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
6.85 GHz6.526.45 7.17 7.25
0 dBr
-10 dBr-18 dBr
0.65/Tp
0.8/Tp
Pulse duration (Tp) 2.00 ns 0.92 ns 0.75 ns 0.74 ns
- 10 dBr (0.65) 325 MHz 705 MHz 867 MHz 878 MHz
- 18 dBr (0.8) 400 MHz 870 MHz 1067 MHz 1081 MHz
Defined in 802.15.4z
Additional measurements
► Chip/Symbol Clock Jitter Analysis
► Chip/Symbol Phase Jitter Analyis
► Chip/Symbol EVM
► Preamble/Data Power
► Power vs Time
Transmit Power Spectrum Density (PSD) mask
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Rohde & Schwarz
HRP UWB transmitter measurements with R&S®CMP200
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
Cross correlation
Spectrum mask
Symbol jitter
Chip jitter
Power vs time
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Normalized Cross Correlation measurements
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
Cross correlation
Main lobe (>0.8)
Side lobe (< 0.3)
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Rohde & Schwarz
Ultra-Wideband technology is serving several markets with specific requirements over the last decade
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
Home health monitoringIndoor location Sports trackingEntrance automation
Asset tracking/protection Tool trackingMedical Imaging Robot navigation
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Rohde & Schwarz
The comeback of UWB on mobileswith precise ranging and secure low-power communication
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
Hands-free access Mobile payment Navigation
Asset finding Mobile sharing
All major smartphone vendors running UWB projects,
e.g. Apple’s U1 chip on the iPhone 11; or Samsung S20
AR/VR anchor
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Rohde & Schwarz
UWB initially solving a keyless security problems is becoming a universal tool around the car
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
Child seat positioning In-car monitoringTrailer attach
Gesture recognitionKeyless entry1)
1) The car connectivity consortium (CCC) is specifying Digital Key Release 3.0 based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in
combination with Ultra-Wideband (UWB)
Remote control parking
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Rohde & Schwarz
Ranging and localization techniques
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
Distance PositionDirection
AOAAnchor
AnchorTDoA
Time of Flight Angle of Arrival Time Difference of Arrival
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Rohde & Schwarz
Ranging estimation based on two-way ToF estimation
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
SS-TWR: single-sided two-way ranging DS-TWR: double-sided two-way ranging
Tprop = TAround+TBround+TAreply+TBreply
TAround1x TBround -TAreplyx TBreplyTprop = 2
(1+eA) x TAround – (1+eB) x TBreply
TBreplyTAround
Tprop
Tprop
RFRAME
RMARKER
eA eB
TxRx
RxTx
TBreplyTAround
Tprop
TpropTAreply TBround
TxRx
TxRx
TxRx
eA eB
^
Distance = cAIR x TpropcAIR = 29.97 cm / ns
error = 0.5 (eB x TBreply – eA x T Around)
eB; eA– clock offset error
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Rohde & Schwarz
ANGLE OF ARRIVAL
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
TX
A0
A1
dRX
A0
A1
I
Q
Phase difference
= arccos(()/2d: Wavelength
d: Antenna distance ( /2)
: Phase difference
Angle of Arrival
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Rohde & Schwarz
FIVE THINGS YOU SHOULD HAVE IN MIND IF TESTING UWB
The second life of Ultra Wideband communication
I. Analysis bandwidth according to the ultra wide band
channel (500 MHz to 1400 MHz)
II. Very low signal power of maximum -41.3 dBm/MHz
(means -14 dBm on a 500 MHz channel)
III. Receiver sensitivity in the range of -90 to – 110 dBm
IV. Transmit power and antenna delay are very critical
parameter that needs to be calibrated
V. Accurate Time of Flight measurements require
verification
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Ezer Bennour
Product Manager Oscilloscopes
UWB AND BLUETOOTH LE SIGNAL ANALYSIS WITH R&S OSCILLOSCOPES
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Rohde & Schwarz
OVERVIEW► R&S Oscilloscopes for Wireless Applications
► Basic Analysis with on-Board Tools
► Advanced Analysis with Application Software
RF measurements for automotive applications19
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Rohde & Schwarz
R&S OSCILLOSCOPES FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONSRF SIGNAL ANALYSIS
RF measurements for automotive applications20
Bandwidth up to 16 GHz
•Full Coverage of X Band and partial coverage of Ku Band
•Enough bandwidth to analyze and debug frequency hopping scenarios
Advanced Trigger Capability
•Advanced detection of pulses/ pulse sequences
•All trigger types up to full bandwidth
Up to 4 phase coherent channels
• Accurate estimation of phase difference between acquired signals
• System-level debugging by combining multiple measurements
Excellent RF performance
•Flat frequency response (e.g. +/- 0.25 dB for RTP)
•Powerful FFT for spectral measurements
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BASIC ANALYSIS WITH ON-BOARD TOOLS
RF measurements for automotive applications21
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Rohde & Schwarz
Basic
Analysis
Sampled
RF SignalDirect
Sampling
RF Signal
BASIC ANALYSIS WITH ON-BOARD TOOLS
Basic Time and Frequency Domain
Measurements
Waveform measurement functions
Spectrum, Occupied Bandwidth…
RF measurements for automotive applications22
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EXAMPLE 1: BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY
RF measurements for automotive applications23
Width Trigger allows a stable and easy detection of the BL LE bursts
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EXAMPLE 1: BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY
RF measurements for automotive applications24
In this scenario, it is often
required to focus on the
spectrum of the bursts, without
including the off times
Powerful FFT with intuitive settings
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Rohde & Schwarz
EXAMPLE 1: BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY
RF measurements for automotive applications25
FFT Gating allows to focus on
the signal portion of interest
Possibility to combine multiple
gates and plot the spectrum of
multiple portions of the same
input signal
Powerful FFT with intuitive settings
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Rohde & Schwarz
EXAMPLE 1: BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY
RF measurements for automotive applications26
Easy-to-conftigure spectral measurements
Fast and intuitive configuration
of most common spectral
measurements (channel
power, occupied bandwidth…)
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Rohde & Schwarz
EXAMPLE 2: 802.15.4z (UWB)
RF measurements for automotive applications27
Powerful FFT with intuitive settings
Same measurement
approach as for Bluetooth
Low Energy
Example shows an UWB
waveform @7.9872 GHz
(preamble only)
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ADVANCED ANALYSIS WITH APPLICATION SOFTWARE
RF measurements for automotive applications28
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Rohde & Schwarz
VSE MATLAB
…
Digital
Downconv. AnalysisIQ Data
Sampled
RF SignalDirect
Sampling
RF Signal
SIGNAL ACQUISITION WITH K11
RF measurements for automotive applications29
In-Depth Analysis of
the acquired IQ data
Downconversion and
Downsampling
K11
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Rohde & Schwarz
EXTEND ANALYSIS FUNCTIONALITY WITH APPLICATION SOFTWARE
RF measurements for automotive applications
► R&S VSE software with a variety
of built-in measurements for
multiple standards
► MATLAB as generic tool for
analysis based on customized
algorithms
R&S®VSEVector signal explorer Software
MATLAB®
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Rohde & Schwarz
VECTOR SIGNAL EXPLORER SOFTWARE (VSE)
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Most relevant Options for UWB and BL LE
• VSE-K6 for pulse analysis with a large set of pulse measurements (rise/fall time, pulse width…)
• VSE-K70: generic digital demodulation tool with a large set of supported modulation formats (PSK, QAM, FSK…) and user-defined modulationschemes
RF measurements for automotive applications
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ANALYSIS OF UWB PULSES WITH VSE-K6 PULSE ANALYSIS OPTION
RF measurements for automotive applications32
Pulse result table
Pulse parameters (amplitude, phase…)
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DEMODULATION OF BL LE BURSTS WITH VSE-K70 DIGITAL DEMODULATION OPTION
RF measurements for automotive applications33
Result Summary
Decoded Bitstream
Constellation Diagram
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SPECTRAL EMISSION MASK OF UWB SIGNAL WITH VSE
RF measurements for automotive applications34
Flexible configuration of limits and frequency ranges