2/2/05 17

(The selection of warriorsthrough a one in tenlottery is described in theBook of Judges. Thereseems to be no record ofcontroversy in its conduct,unlike that of the Viet Namdraft lottery of 1969.)

2/2/05 18

MODERN LOTTERIES IN THE U. S.

New Hampshire Lottery in 1964

California Lottery in 1985

MultiState Lottery in 1988

History may note that these efforts

supported education, public health and

safety, and the like . . . Maybe not

2/2/05 19

(I’ve worked for the Californiaand Colorado Lotteries since1985. The first purpose ofthese jobs is to ensure thatdraws made in connectionwith them - both physical andcomputer-based - are whatthey purport to be. Asidefrom special projects, lessthan a day’s work per month.)

2/2/05 20

LOTTERY GAMES

INSTANT GAMES: Buy ticket, scratch off surface,

collect winnings on what is revealed (or proceed to

a game show - see next slide - for special prizes).

ON-LINE GAMES: Buy ticket, wait for official draw,

compare ticket “numbers” with official “numbers”,

collect winnings on matches observed (Keno, Lotto,

and Powerball are primary examples).

2/2/05 21

SPINNING WHEEL, BOUNCING BALL, GRAVITY (AND MARKETING)

!

2/2/05 22

(A descendant of the wheel firstencountered in California in1985 - the only game in town atthat time. These wheels have100 slots, the ball will wind upin the lowest quadrant. Thestory of initial testing is relatedin “Statistics”, by Freedman,Pisani and Purves.)

2/2/05 23

GRAVITY, PEGS AND FLIPPERS, SLOTS

2/2/05 24

(The general thought seemsto be that if a device lookseven-handed, bias will notsurface. Rube Goldbergmachines “look” like goodcandidates but, as he clearlyexplains, are deterministic.)

2/2/05 25

OR, JUST PLAIN SILLINESS

2/2/05 26

The printing of instantgame tickets, securityissues

Sold to retailers in “books” of 500, say, with

one of several distributions of low end prizes

guaranteed; large prizes seeded throughout a

“pool” of 640,000. Quite do-able in secure

fashion, but naïve printers need not apply.

2/2/05 27

The “phenotype” of a Tic-Tac-Toeticket featuring four chances.

054534

145048

354313

364507

274715

231332

380307

491619

213941

253738

290319

491632

2/2/05 28

The “genotype” revealed - your (hidden) numbers:20 14 32 07 34 16 37 23 48 38

0545

50

354313

3645

274715

13

03

4919

213941

25

290319

49

2/2/05 29

(An Ontario Province game of thistype was “broken” by a team ofdata miners who built a classifier- winners from losers - based on atest set. The corresponding gamein Colorado was impugned by theminers . . . allegations were set torest, clever printing procedure arein place.)

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INSTANT GAMES

Not much new under the sun.Typically, you hold k “numbers”while the Lottery selects n of N,winnings paid on matches, m.(Keno and Lotto are examples)

Possibly a side draw of abonus “number”, say 1 of r.(Powerball and Super Lotto)

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GRAVITY, CHURN, GRAVITY

2/2/05 32

(Balls are racked in order so thatyour choices are visible on TV.Ball sets are regularly weighedand “measured”. Weights arecoded and used to “fingerprint”the set for identification. Ballweight has never been found tobe a factor in frequency of draw.Hard rubber balls and gravity isthe method of choice over ping-pong balls pulled from amongthose floating in an air chamber.)