the self, desire and sins. major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من...

45
The Self, Desire and Sins

Upload: gabriella-wood

Post on 30-Dec-2015

216 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

The Self, Desire and Sins

Page 2: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Major sins : ) ( يغفر الكبائر اجتنب من السالم عليه الصادق قال

0وا ) 1ب 2ن ت 2ْج3 َت 1ن ِإ وجل عز الله قول وذلك ، ذنوبه جميع اللهل3ك0م 0ْد3ِخ1 و2ن 0م3 1ك 2اَت Fَئ ي َس2 0م3 ع2نك 2فFر3 0ك ن 3ه0 ع2ن 3َه2و3ن2 0ن َت م2ا 1ر2 2ائ 2ب َك

2ر1يمJا َك J ) مKْد3ِخ2الImam al-Sadiq (as) said: “He who avoids

the major sins, God will forgive all his sins. This is the (meaning of the) words of Allah: “If you avoid the great sins which you are forbidden to do, We shall remit from you your (small) sins, and admit you to a Noble Entrance (i.e. Paradise).” (4:31)

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs

Page 3: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Major Sins ( : عليه عبْدالله أبا َسألت قال زرارة بن عبيْد عن

علي ( : ) َكتاب في uهن فقال ؟ الكبائر عن السالم : ) ، النفس وقتل ، بالله الكفر َسبع السالم عليه

وأَكل ، البينة بعْد الربا وأَكل ، الوالْدين وعقوقوالتعرuب ، الزحف من والفرار ، J ظلما اليتيم مال؟ : : المعاصي أَكبر هذا فقلت قال ، الَهْجرة بعْداليتيم : : مال من الْدرهم فأَكل قلت ، نعم فقال : ، الصالة َترك قال ؟ الصالة َترك أم أَكبر J ظلما

قال : : ، الكبائر في الصالة َترك عْددت فما قلتقال : : ، الكفر قلت ؟ لك قلت ما أوuل شيء uأّي

. ـ uة عل غير من يعني ـ َكافر الصالة َتارك uفإن

Page 4: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Major Sins: ‘Ubayd bn Zurarah narrates that he asked Imam

al-Sadiq (as) about the major sins. The Imam (as) said: “They are seven according to the Book of ‘Ali (as): ◦ disbelieving in Allah◦ killing a person◦ being disobedient to one’s parents,◦ taking usury after this had been made clear(ly

forbidden)◦ taking the wealth of an orphan unjustly,◦ fleeing during war, ◦ and turning back from Islam after having migrated…the one who does not pray (without an excuse) is a disbeliever in Allah.”

◦ Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs, n. 20631

Page 5: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

‘Small’ sinsuقوا: ) ( : • ِإَت السالم عليه عبْدالله أبو قال

، َتغفر ال uَها فإن الذنوب من المحقراتالرجل : : قال ؟ المحقuرات وما قلت

لم : ِإن لي طوبى فيقول الذنب يذنب. ذلك غير لي يكن

• Imam al-Sadiq (as) said: “Beware of the sins which are considered small because they are not forgiven…these are the sins that a person commits then says: ‘how good it would be if I had committed only these sins.”

• Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs, n. 20603

Page 6: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Persistent sins

قال ) ( : قال السالم عليه عبْدالله أبي عنعالمات ) ( : من وآله عليه الله صلuى الله رَسول

وشْدuة ، القلب وقسوة ، العين جمود الشقاءالذنب على 1صرار واِإل ، الْدنيا طلب في الحرص

• Imam al-Sadiq (as): “ The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: Among the signs of misery are dryness of the eyes, cruelty of the heart, hearkening after the world, and persisting upon sin”

• Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs, n.20682

Page 7: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Sinning brazenly

عليَهما ) أبيه عن ، محمuْد بن جعفر عنصلuى ( : ) الله رَسول قال قال ، السالم

وهو ( : J ذنبا أذنب من وآله عليه الله. باك  وهو النار دِخل ضاحك

Imam al-Sadiq (as) narrates from his father (as) that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “He who commits a sin while he is laughing, will enter Hell-fire while he is crying.”

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs, n. 20683

Page 8: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Why do we Sin?Obliviousness of God

The Prophet (saw): “Do not look at the smallness of the sin, rather than look at whom you are daring against”

Mizan, n. 2407

Page 9: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Lack of Shyness before God

Imam Ali (as): “Shyness prevents ugly actions”

Imam al-Sadiq (as)“He has no faith who does not have

shyness”

Imam al-Kadhim (as): “Be shy of Allah in solitude just as you are

shy of people in public”The Scale of Wisdom, Chapter on Humility

Page 10: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Why do we Sin?Ignoring the Effects of Sinning

Page 11: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Sinning Slows Self-Improvement

The Imams: build, even if slowly, through action, but do not destroy (through sinning)

Page 12: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Sins waste away Good Actions

عبْدالله أبا وجلu : َسألت uعز الله قول عن السالم عليه . ا J0ور مªنُث J2اء ه2ب 2اُه0 3ن ع2ل ف2ْج2 ع2م2ل  م1ن3 0وا ع2م1ل م2ا 1ل2ى ِإ 2ا و2ق2ْد1م3ن

ولكن : من J بياضا uأشْد أعمالَهم َكانت ِإن والله أما قال. يْدعوُه لم الحرام لَهم عرض ِإذا َكانوا

Imam al-Sadiq (as) was asked about the ayah: “And We shall turn to whatever deeds they did, and We shall make such deeds as scattered floating particles of dust” (25:23). He (as) said: “By Allah, their deeds were whiter than cotton. However, when haram things were presented to them, they did not abstain from them.”

Page 13: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Hardening of the Heart

Imam Ali (as): “The tears do not dry up except because of a hard heart, and the heart does not harden except because of sins.”

◦ The Scale of Wisdom, n. 2420

Page 14: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Blackness of the Heart : ) ( نكتة قلبه وفي u ِإال عبْد من ما قال السالم عليه جعفر أبي عن

ذلك ذهب َتاب فإن َسوداء نكتة النكتة في ِخرج J ذنبا أذنب فإذا بيضاءيغطي ) uى حت السواد ذلك زاد الذنوب في َتمادى وِإن ، ( ١السواد

قول وهو ، J أبْدا ِخير ِإلى صاحبه يرجع لم البياض غطuى فإذا البياض0ون2 : ) ( ب 3س1 2ك ي 0وا 2ان َك مªا 1َه1م 0وب ق0ل ع2ل2ى ان2 ر2 2ل3 ب وجل uعز الله

Imam al-Baqir (as): “Every person has a white part within his heart. If he sins, a black dot appears within this white part. If he repents, this blackness disappears, but if he persists in sinning the blackness increases until it covers the white. Once the white is covered, the person will never return to good. This is the meaning of the ayah: “Nay! But on their hearts is the covering of sins which they used to commit.” (83:14)

◦ Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs

Page 15: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Grief and Regret

: قال uه أن السالم عليه المؤمنين أمير عن J طويال J حزنا أورثت َساعة شَهوة من َكم

The Commander of the Faithful (as) said: “How often an hour of pleasure led to a long period of grief.”

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Struggle with the Self

Page 16: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Blocking Supplication : ) ( الله يسأل العبْد uِإن قال السالم عليه جعفر أبي عن

وقت ِإلى أو قريب أجل  ِإلى قضاؤها شأنه من فيكون الحاجةال للملك وَتعالى َتبارك الله فيقول J ذنبا العبْد فيذنب ، بطيء

واَستوجب ، لسخطي َتعرuض uه فإن واحرمه حاجته َتقِض1. منuي الحرمان

Imam al-Baqir (as): “A servant will ask Allah (SWT) for a need. It is in God’s Will to fulfil it quickly or at a later time. Then the servant will commit a sin, and so Allah (SWT) will say to the angel: ‘do not fulfil his need and deprive him of it, because he has exposed himself to My Anger, and deserves to be deprived.”

Mishkat, n. 820

Page 17: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Bringing on Calamities

Imam al-Baqir (as): “No (calamity) befalls a servant except due to a sin. And that which God forgives is greater.”

Mishkat, n. 816

Page 18: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Brining on Calamities : ) ( يا قال السالم عليه عبْدالله أبي عن

، شيعتنا وحذuرها والذنوب ِإياك مفضuل ، ِإليكم منَها أَسرع أحْد ِإلى هي ما فوالله

وما السلطان من ة uالمعر لتصيبه أحْدَكم uِإنذلك وما السuقم ليصيبه uه وِإن ، بذنوبه u ِإال ذاك u ِإال هو وما الرزق عنه ليحبس uه وأن بذنوبه u ِإال

وما الموت عنْد عليه ليشْدد uه وأن ، بذنوبهلقْد : حضرُه من يقول uى حت بذنوبه u ِإال ذاكقال : دِخلني قْد ما رأى فلمuا ، بالموت غم

والله : : ذاك قال ، ال قلت ؟ ذاك لم أَتْدرّيوعْجلت ، اآلِخرة في بَها َتؤاِخذون ال uكم ِإن

. الْدنيا في لكم

Page 19: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Bringing on Calamities Imam al-Sadiq (as) said to Mufadhdhal ibn Umar:

“O Mufadhdhal, be wary of sins, and warn our Shia against them. For by Allah, they effect you quicker than anyone else. A person from among you may be harmed by the ruler, and this would be because of his sins. Another may become ill, and this would be because of his sins, or may lose his sustenance, and this would be because of his sins, or may experience great suffering at the time, and this would be because of his sins…” When the Imam saw how frightened I looked he said: “do you know why this is? It is because you will not be punished for them in the Hereafter, so their consequences come to you quickly in this world.”

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs, n. 20587

Page 20: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

New Afflictions

ما ) ( : uَكل يقول السالم عليه الرضا َسمعتيعملون يكونوا لم ما الذنوب من العباد أحْدث

. يعرفون يكونوا لم ما البالء من لَهم أحْدثImam al-Redha (as): “As long as the servants continue to commit new sins that they had not committed before, there will come about afflictions that they had never known before”

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs, n. 20585

Page 21: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Losing Authority

يقول ) ( : قال السالم عليه عبْدالله أبي عنيعرفني : من عصاني ِإذا uوجل uعز الله

. يعرفني ال من عليه َسلuطت

Imam al-Sadiq: “Allah, the Exalted, says: if the one who knows me disobeys Me, I will empower over him one who does not know Me.”

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs, n. 20592

Page 22: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Exclusion from the Guardianship of God

: الله رَسول قال قال الحسين بن علي بن محمuْدعبْد) ( : : أيما جالله uجل الله قال وآله عليه الله صلuىوَكلته عصاني عبْد uما وأي ، غيرّي ِإلى أَكله لم أطاعني

. هلك واد uأّي في 0بال أ لم uثم نفسه ِإلىImam al-Baqir (as) narrates that the

Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Allah, the Exalted, said: any slave who obeys me, I will not entrust his affair to other than Me, but any slave who disobeys Me, I will hand his affair over to Himself, and I will not care in which valley he perishes.”

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs, n. 20594

Page 23: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Punishment in the Hereafter

Prophet Muhammad: “A servant may be imprisoned for one hundred years for one of his sins, the whole time looking longingly at his family in Heaven.”

Mishkat, n. 817

Page 24: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Punishment in the Hereafter

  Kوُه0 ف2غ0ل   ِخ0ذ0وُه0 ع0َه2ا. ذ2ر3 2ة  ل ل3س1 َس1 ف1ي ª0م ث Kوُه0 ص2ل 3ْج2ح1يم2 ال ª0م ث   و2ال2 1 3ع2ِظ1يم ال ªه1 1الل ب 0ؤ3م1ن0 ي ال2 2ان2 َك ªه0 1ن ِإ 0وُه0 0ك ل ف2اَس3 اعJا ذ1ر2 3ع0ون2 ب َس2

    و2ال2 Áح2م1يم 2ا ه2اه0ن 2و3م2 3ي ال 2ه0 ل 3س2 2ي ف2ل ك1ين1 3م1س3 ال 1 ط2ع2ام Âع2ل2ى K2ح0ِض ي  1ين  ل غ1س3 م1ن3 ª1ال ِإ Áط2ع2ام

“(It will be said): "Seize him and fetter him, Then throw him in the blazing Fire. Then fasten him with a chain whereof the length is seventy cubits!“ Verily, He used not to believe in Allah, the Most Great,  And urged not on the feeding of Al-Miskin (the poor), So no friend has he here this Day, Nor any food except filth from the washing of wounds” (69:30-36)

Page 25: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Punishment in the Hereafter : ق2ال2 ، السªالم0 3ه1 2ي ع2ل الصªاد1ق1 2ا م2و3الن ع2ن3 2اد1ُه1 ن 1َس3 1إ ب الصªْد0وق0 و2ى ر22اُه0 2َت أ 1ذ3 ِإ J ق2اع1ْدا   2و3م ي ذ2ات2 1ه1، و2آل 3ه1 2ي ع2ل الله0 ص2لªى الله1، َس0ول0 ر2 2ا 3ن 2ي ب

الله1، َس0ول0 ر2 ف2ق2ال2 ، ªو3ن1 الل Fر0 2غ2ي م0ت ، Áح2ز1ين ، Á1يب 2َئ َك و2ه0و2 ، 3ر1يل0 ب ج1 : J؟ ح2ز1ينا J 1يبا 2َئ َك اك2 ر2

2 أ ل1ي م2ا ، 3ر1يل0 ب ج1 2ا ي 1ه1 و2آل 3ه1 2ي ع2ل الله0 ص2لªى2اف1يُخ0: م2ن و0ض1ع2ت3 ªم2ا 1ن و2ِإ 1ك2 2ذ2ل َك 0ون0 2َك أ ال 3ف2 2ي ف2ك م0ح2مªْد0، 2ا ي ف2ق2ال2

: . 3ر1يل0؟ ب ج1 2ا ي ªم2 َه2ن ج2 2اف1يُخ0 م2ن و2م2ا الله1 َس0ول0 ر2 ف2ق2ال2 2و3م2 الي ªم2 َه2ن ج2ح2تªى: ،  ع2ام 2ل3ف2 أ 3َه2ا 2ي ع2ل و3ق2ْد2

2 ف2أ ªار1 1الن ب م2ر22 أ 2ع2ال2ى َت الله2 ª1ن ِإ ف2ق2ال2

. .ª0م ث 2ضªت3 3ي اب ªى ت ح2   ع2ام 2ل3ف2 أ 3َه2ا 2ي ع2ل و3ق2ْد22 ف2أ 1َه2ا ب م2ر2

2 أ ª0م ث ت3 ªاح3م2ر ،Á1م2ة م0ِظ3ل و3د2اء0 َس2 و2ه1ي2 و2دªت3 اَس3 ªى ح2ت   ع2ام 2ل3ف2 أ 3َه2ا 2ي ع2ل و3ق2ْد2

2 ف2أ م2ر22 أ

و0ض1ع2ت3 J اعا ذ1ر2 3ع0ون2 ب َس2 0َه2ا ط0ول 1ي ªت ال 2ة1 ل ل3س2 ªالس م1ن2 J2ق2ة ل ح2 ª2ن أ 2و3 ف2ل . 1 قKوم Kالز م1ن2 Jة ق2ط3ر2 ª2ن أ 2و3 و2ل ه2ا Fح2ر م1ن3 2ا 3ي الْدKن 2ت1 2ذ2اب ل 2ا 3ي الْدKن ع2ل2ىم1ن3 2ا 3ي الْدKن 2ه3ل0 أ 2م2ات2 ل 2ا 3ي الْدKن 2ه3ل1 أ اب1 ر2 ش2 ف1ي ت3 ق2ط2ر2 و2الضªر1يع1

: 2ك2ى. و2ب 1ه1، و2آل 3ه1 2ي ع2ل الله0 ص2لªى الله1، َس0ول0 ر2 2ى 2ك ف2ب ق2ال2 1َه2ا 2ن 2ت ن : 0م2ا ªك ب ر2 ª1ن ِإ ف2ق2ال2 J 2كا م2ل 3َه1م2ا 2ي 1ل ِإ الله0 2ع2َث2 ف2ب ، السªالم0 3ه1 2ي ع2ل ، 1يل0 ئ 3ر2 ب ج1 J 3با ذ2ن 2ا 1ب 0ذ3ن َت 2ن3 أ م1ن3 0م2ا 0ك 3ت م1ن

2 أ ق2ْد3 Fي 1ن ِإ 0م2ا 2ك ل 2ق0ول0 و2ي السªالم2 0م2ا 0ق3ر1ؤ0َك ي. 3ه1 2ي ع2ل 0ما 0ك 0ع2ذFب أ

Page 26: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Punishment in the Hereafter“One day the Prophet (S) of God was seated when Gabriel came into his presence, with a sad face and changed complexion. The Prophet (S) asked as to why he was looking so sad and grieved. Gabriel answered, ‘O Muhammad (S), why should I be not grieved, while today I saw the bellows of hell being set in. The Prophet (S) asked him what the bellows of hell were. Gabriel told him that it referred to the hell-fire, which according to the Commandments of God Almighty was ablaze for one thousand years. After it became red hot He ordered it to burn for another one thousand years till it was white-hot. Then He commanded it to burn for one thousand years more till it turned black. ..”

Page 27: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Punishment in the Hereafter…Now that it was black and dark, if a slice of seventy

cubits of it was to drop on this world, verily its heat would be sufficient to melt the whole world into fluid. If a single drop of its Zaqqum (an infernal tree, mentioned in the Quran proverbial for its extreme bitterness) and daree’ (something in hell more bitter than aloe, more fetid than carrion, and hotter than fire, which will be the food of the condemned) trickles down in the water reservoirs of the earth, everybody therein would die due to its stench. Thereupon the Prophet (S) wept and Gabriel also wept with him. On seeing this, God sent His angel, who came to them and said that God sent salaams to them along with the message that He exempted them both from the committing of sins and the consequent punishments.”

Narrated in Forty Hadith, Ayatollah Khomeini

Page 28: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Why do we Sin?The Desire of the Self

1ه1 3ب 2م2ع2ل2ىÂَس2م3ع1ه1و2ق2ل  و2ِخ2ت 3م ªه0ع2ل2ىÂع1ل ªه0الل ض2ل2 Â2َه2ه0ه2و2اُه0و2أ 1ل ªخ2ذ2ِإ اَت م2ن1 3ت2 2ي ف2ر2أ

2 أ{  ªر0ون2 2ذ2َك ف2ال2َت

2 أ ªه1 2ع3ْد1الل ب 2َه3ْد1يه1م1ن3 ي 2ص2ر1ُه1غ1ش2او2ةJف2م2ن3 {23ۚ �و2ج2ع2ل2ع2ل2ىÂب“Have you then considered him who takes his low desire for his god, and Allah has made him err having knowledge and has set a seal upon his ear and his heart and put a covering upon his eye. Who can then guide him after Allah? Will you not then be mindful?”

Page 29: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Struggle against the Selfلم : من السالم عليه محمuْد بن جعفر الصادق قال

يكن ولم نفسه من وزاجر قلبه من واعظ له يكنعنقه من عْدوُه اَستمكن مرشْد قرين له

Imam al-Sadiq (as) said: “He who does not have an advisor within his heart, and admonisher within his self, and a guiding companion, is allowing his enemy to take his life.”

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Struggle with the Self

Page 30: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Struggle against the SelfMusharatah“Self-conditioning or stipulation means

binding oneself with the resolve not to do anything against God’s commands”

Muraqabah“I assure you that this practice of self-

criticism and self-examination would not hinder your day-to-day activity. I advise you to remain in the same state of mind till night-the time for introspection and inner deliberation-and evaluate your deeds of the whole day.”

Forty Hadith, Ayatollah Khomeini

Page 31: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Struggle against the Self قرب uثم ، َسنة أربعين عبْدالله ِإَسرائيل بني في J رجال uِإن

وما : ، منك u ِإال أَتيت ما لنفسه فقال منه 0قبل ي فلم J قربانالنفسك : : ذمuك ِإليه uوجل uعز الله فأوحى قال ، لك u ِإال الذنب

. َسنة أربعين عبادَتك من أفضلImam al-Redha (as) said: “A man from the Bani

Israil worshipped Allah for forty years. Then he offered a sacrifice, but it was not accepted from him. The man said to his self: ‘this was rejected only because of you, and the sin is only from you’. Thus Allah, the Exalted, revealed to him: ‘your chiding yourself was better than your forty years of worship.’”

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Struggle with the Self

Page 32: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Freeing the Self

: ) ( نفسك اقصر السالم عليه عبْدالله أبو قالفي واَسع ، َتفارقك أن قبل من ها uيضر عمuا

uفإن ، معيشتك طلب في َتسعى َكما فكاَكَها. بعملك رهينة نفسك

Imam al-Sadiq (as): “Hold yourself back from that which harms it before it leaves you. Strive to free it, just as you strive to earn a living, for your soul is a hostage of your actions.”

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs, n. 20560

Page 33: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Why do we Sin?Seeking an Advantage

: 3ع1بيم2ن وأَت 1ي، 1ِخ3ْد1ميم2نِخ2ْد2م2ن ا 2عالىِإلىالْدنيا و2َت 2بار2ك2 uهَت أوح2ىالل ِخ2ْد2م2ك1

The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Verily Allah revealed to the world, ‘Tire and wear out the one who serves you, and serve the one who rejects you.’

Page 34: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

The Rewards of Abandoning Sin

الله رَسول له : عن عرضت من قال وآله عليه الله صلuىعليه الله م uحر uوجل uعز الله مخافة فاجتنبَها شَهوة أو فاحشةفي َكتابه في وعْدُه ما له وأنْجز ، األَكبر الفزع من وآمنه النار

2ان1 : …. ªت ن ج2 Fه1 ب ر2 م2ق2ام2 ِخ2اَف2 1م2ن3 و2ل َتعالى قوله

The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “He who has the opportunity to commit a sin or follow a desire, but avoid it for fear of Allah, the Exalted, then Allah (SWT) will make the Hell-fire haram to him, and will give him security from the great fear. He will make true for Him what He promised him in the Holy Qur’an: ‘and for He who fears the status of His Lord are two heavens’.”

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Struggle with the Self

Page 35: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

The Rewards of Abandoning Sins

ع2ن3 ع1 3و2ر2 ال 3ل1 1م1ُث ب 0ون2 ب F2ق2ر 3م0ت ال ª2ي 1ل ِإ ب2 ª2ق2ر َت م2ا ، م0وَسى 2ا يم2ع2َه0م3 ر1ك0 0ش3 أ ال2 ع2ْد3ن  ªات1 ن ج2 1يح0َه0م3 ب

0 أ Fي 1ن ف2إ ؛ م2ح2ار1م1يJ 2ح2ْدا .أ

Imam al-Sadiq (as) relates one of the revelations of Allah

(SWT) to Prophet Musa (as): “O Musa, those who want to come close to me cannot do so with anything better than taking extra care to abstain from what I have made forbidden. If they do this, I will give to them everlasting gardens exclusive to them.”

Wasailul Shia, Chapter on Jihadul Nafs

Page 36: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Turning back to Allah

Page 37: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

God Loves the Repentant“Allah loves those who repent and

loves those who purify themselves”

“If those who turn away from me knew how eagerly I wait for them, and how I am longing for them to

repent, they would out of love for me and their joints would separate from

one another. O ‘Isa, for how long should I look out longingly, and call (to them) with goodness, while they

do not return”

Page 38: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

The Dangers of Delaying Repentance

The Holy Prophet [saw] said: "The sighs of the people of Hell is mostly

because of the postponement of

repenting."

Page 39: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Contemplation and Confession

Page 40: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Regret

“Regret is repentance”

Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

Page 41: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Making a Determination to Abstain from Sin

“My Lord, I repent to You...the repentance of one who does not tell himself that he may disobey (again later), and who does not secretly think that he might return to the offense...and to You, my Lord, I give my stipulation that I will not return to what is disliked by You, and my covenant that I will stay away from the acts of disobedience to You..”

Dua al-Tawba, Imam Zainul Abidin (as)

Page 42: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Entering Allah’s protective shield

“My Lord, but I cannot be faithful in repentance except with Your Protection, nor can I refrain from offenses without Your Strength, so strengthen me with a sufficient strength, and attend to me with a protective shield...”

(Dua al-Tawba, Imam Zainul Abidin as)

Page 43: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Rectifying Past SinsA man asked Abu Imam al-Baqir (as): ‘I

have been a governor since the time of al-Hajjaj until this very day - is repentance

possible for me?’ He remained silent. When I repeated the question, he said, ‘No, until

you compensate everyone for his lost rights.’

(al-Kafi, v. 2, p. 331, no. 3)The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Repent for every sin; public [repentance] for public [sins] and private [repentance] for private [sins].’

(Bihar al-Anwar, v. 77, p. 127, no. 33)

Page 44: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

Will repentance be accepted?

Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘One who is given

repentance will not be deprived of its

acceptance, one who is given the chance to ask forgiveness will not be

deprived of being forgiven.’

[Bihar al-Anwar, v. 69, p. 410, no. 124]

Page 45: The Self, Desire and Sins. Major sins قال الصادق ( عليه السلام ) : من اجتنب الكبائر يغفر الله جميع ذنوبه ، وذلك قول الله

The Consequences of Repentance

“Once a person repents, Allah (SWT) turns mercifully

to Him and forgives him. Then his limbs are ordered to conceal his secret, the

lots of earth are ordered to conceal his sin, and even the record keeping angels are made to forget what

they had written about him”