the services enabled internet
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The Services-Enabled Internet: Implications forMobile Wireless Networks
Randy H. KatzThe United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor
Computer Science Division, EECS Department
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA
Some slides contributed by Prof. Eric Brewer and Dr. Steve McCanne
S. S. 7
IcebergNinja Endeavour Sahara
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Presentation Outline
• Convergence, Divergence, Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Networks• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions
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Presentation Outline
• Convergence, Divergence, Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Internet• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions
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Evolution of the Computer
Eniac, 1947
Telephone,1876
Computer+ Modem
1957
Early WirelessPhones, 1978
First Color TVBroadcast, 1953
HBO Launched, 1972
Interactive TV, 1990
Handheld PortablePhones, 1990
First PCAltair,1974
IBMPC,
1981
AppleMac,1984
ApplePowerbook,
1990
IBMThinkpad,
1992
HPPalmtop,
1991
AppleNewton,
1993
PentiumPC, 1993
Red Herring, 10/99
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Game ConsolesPersonal Digital Assistants
Digital VCRs (TiVo, ReplayTV)
CommunicatorsSmart Telephones
E-Toys (Furby, Aibo)
Evolution of the Computer
PentiumPC, 1993
Atari HomePong, 1972
AppleiMac, 1998
Pentium IIPC, 1997
Palm VIIPDA, 1999
NetworkComputer,
1996
FreePC, 1999
SegaDreamcast,
1999
Internet-enabledSmart Phones,
1999
Red Herring, 10/99
Proliferation of diverseend devices and access networks
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Information Appliances
• Different design constraints based on intended use, enhances ease of use
– Desktop PC– Mobile PC– Desktop “Smart” Phone– Mobile Telephone– Personal Digital Assistant– Set-top Box– Digital VCR– …
• Implications: – Shift from computer design to consumer design– Heterogeneous “standards,” hybrid networking– Interactive networking, access on demand, QoS
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Presentation Outline
• Convergence, Divergence, and Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Internet• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions
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Network “Cloud”
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RegionalNet
Regional Nets + Backbone
RegionalNet Regional
Net
RegionalNet Regional
Net
RegionalNet
Backbone
LAN LANLAN
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ISP
Backbones + NAPs + ISPs
ISP
ISPISP
BusinessISP
ConsumerISP
LAN LANLAN
NAPNAP
Backbones
Dial-up
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CoreNetworks
Covad
Core Networks + Access Networks
@home
ISPCingular
Sprint AOL
LAN LANLAN
NAP
Dial-up
DSLAlways on
NAP
CableHead Ends
CellCell
Cell
SatelliteFixed Wireless
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Covad
Computers Inside the Core
@home
ISPCingular
Sprint AOL
LAN LANLAN
NAP
Dial-up
DSLAlways on
NAP
CableHead Ends
CellCell
Cell
SatelliteFixed Wireless
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Global Packet Network Internetworking(Connectivity)
ISPCLEC
New Internet Services Business Model
Application-specificOverlay Networks
(Multicast Tunnels, Mgmt Svrcs)
Applications(Portals, E-Commerce,
E-Tainment, Media)
Application-specific Servers(Streaming Media, Transformation)ASP
InternetData Centers
Appl Infrastructure Services(Distribution, Caching,
Searching, Hosting)
AIPISV
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Presentation Outline
• Convergence, Divergence, Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Internet• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions
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Services Within the Network: Content
Distribution
“Internet Grid”Parallel Network BackbonesInternet Exchange Points
Co-Location
Scalable Servers
WebCaches
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Services in the Internet:Napster, Gnutella,
Freenet, …• Something more than illegally sharing
RIP’d music and videos from CDs and DVDs …
• Cooperative construction of directories– Peer-to-peer computing vs. client-server computing– No centralized index/performance hot spot/target for
denial of service attack, etc.– BUT existing “chatty” implementations generate a lot
of network traffic
• Technologies will evolve for efficient sharing of information within communities
– E.g., Lotus Notes, newsgroups, etc.– Linking library catalogs together
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Services Within the Network:Streaming Media
Clients
Broadcasters
Content Broadcast
ManagementPlatform and
Tools
Steve McCanne
EdgeServers
Load Balancing ThruServer Redirection;
Content BroadcastNetwork
Content DistributionThrough MulticastOverlay Network
RedirectionFabricInter-ISP Redirection
Peering
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Isolatedmulticast
clouds
Traditionalunicastpeering
multicastcloud
multicastcloud
multicastcloud
multicastcloud
multicastcloud
Enabled by Application-Specific Overlay Networks
E.g., solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack
Steve McCanne
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Application-Level Servers/Routers
Solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack
Steve McCanne
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Presentation Outline
• Convergence, Divergence, Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Internet• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions
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The iMode Story
• 21 million+ Internet-capable cellular phone subscribers
• NTTDoCoMo has become the world’s largest ISP!
• Most frequent used applications:
– Voice conversations– Text messages– Animated cartoons– Specialized ringing tones
• Japanese teenagers, especially females, driving the competitive development of new services!
– Services have the half-life of “fashion”
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Huge Expense of New Telecomms Infrastructures
• Auctions for 3G spectrum: 150 billion ECU;Capital outlays may match spectrum expenses, all before first revenue
• Build it, but will they come?– Compelling services make the difference
• Alternative business model– Collaborative deployment of wireless infrastructure– Competitive provisioning of services
• Better way to build a network? …– Partition frequencies based on subscriber density– Eliminate duplicate antenna sites– Leverage common backhaul networks
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Access Network
Business Unusual: Coopetition
Internet
PSTNNetwork
BackhaulNetwork
Access Network
BackhaulNetwork
Virtual Operator “leases”frequencies from a
Real Operator, on-demand,based on the density
of its subscribers
Subscriber-LessCell Site
Operators
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The Case for Horizontal Architectures
“The new rules for success will be to provide one part of the puzzle and to cooperate with other suppliers to create the complete solutions that customers require. ... [V]ertical integration breaks down when innovation speeds up. The big telecoms firms that will win back investor confidence soonest will be those with the courage to rip apart their monolithic structure along functional layers, to swap size for speed and to embrace rather than fear disruptive technologies.”
The Economist Magazine, 16 December 2000
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Application Services in the Mobile Wireless Network
• Enabling more user-centered/adaptive apps
– User preference management services– Application coordination services– Context-awareness services– Content-localization services– Mobility-model extraction services– Content adaptation to access network performance– Content adaptation to access client capabilities– Storage migration in response to user mobility
• Special about mobile wireless?– Exploitation of location and mobility– Resource constrained nature of wireless environment
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Infrastructure Services in the Mobile Wireless
Network• Forming dynamic confederations
– Discovering confederates, establishing trust
• Open service/resource allocation model– Service creation, establishment, placement;– Exchange resources, capabilities, status;– Allocate based on economic methods;– Manage trust among participants;
• Service brokering– Dynamically construct overlays on component
services provided by underlying service providers– Redirect to alternative service instances
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A New Kind ofServices-Enabled Internet
• Push services towards edges: caches, content distribution, localization
• Construct service networks from third parties or confederations: greater support among mobile operators than conventional ISPs
• Manage redirection, not routes: key to service-level peering
• New applications-specific protocols• Twilight of the end-to-end argument?
– Trusted service providers/network intermediaries– Service providers create own application-specific
overlays, e.g., cache and streaming media content distribution
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The Case for Edge Services
• Wide-area bandwidth “unlimited and for free”• Increasing b/w over access networks• Faster, more predictable response time• Scale, resistance to crippling denial of service
attacks• Integrate localized content, exploit local context• Near client, inside access provider, not server• Examples:
– Caching: exploits response time, b/w efficiency, high local b/w– Filtering: form of local content transformation– Internet TV: b/w efficiency, high local b/w, predictable response– Transformation: adapt content for end user/diverse access
devices– Software Rental: exploits high local b/w– Games, chat rooms, ….
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Presentation Outline
• Convergence, Divergence, Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Internet• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions
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The Service-Enabled Internet/ Post-PC Era
• Not about specific Information Appliances• Services spanning access networks, to
achieve high performance/manage end device diversity
• Builds on the New Internet– Opening up of the connectivity “cloud”– Embedding computing in the communications fabric
• Pervasive support for “intelligent” services– Near you for faster access, more personalized, more
localized– Scalable to deal with surges in demand as needed
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Emerging Reference Architecture
Path Provider (ISP Cloud)Path Provider (ISP Cloud)Path Provider (ISP Cloud)Path Provider (ISP Cloud)Path Provider (ISP Cloud)Server Center Provider
Perf Measurement Service
Service Placement Service
SLAsVerify
Path Broker Server Broker
Server RegistrationAdvertisement
Registration
Service Registration ServiceRedirection
Distributed Application
PricingService
ConstraintSpecification Adapt
Marshal ResourcesBased on Economic Constraints
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A New Research Agenda
• New Kind of “Quality of Service”– Perceived quality depends on services in the network– Manage caches, redistributors, latency– Cost/complexity of Service Management?
• Bandwidth no longer an issue– Tier 1 ISP backbones rapidly moving towards OC 192 (9.6
gbs!)– Better interconnection: hops across ASs decreasing over time– Broadband access networks: cable, DSL, 3G wireless, ...– End-to-end latency/server load dominate performance
• Supporting Old Services in the New Internet– Overlay services: IP Multicast, DNS, …– Rethinking the End-to-End Principle– Service/content-level peering, just like routing-level peering– Secure end-to-end connection compatible with service model?