The Showdown…The Showdown…

States vs National GovernmentStates vs National GovernmentWho reigns supreme?Who reigns supreme?

““This Constitution, and the Laws of the This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all treaties Pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any state to the Contrary Laws of any state to the Contrary notwithstanding” notwithstanding” Article VI, Section 2 Article VI, Section 2

SupremacySupremacy

United States ConstitutionUnited States Constitution

Acts of Congress and TreatiesActs of Congress and Treaties

State ConstitutionsState Constitutions

State StatutesState Statutes

City and County Charters and OrdinancesCity and County Charters and Ordinances

New StatesNew States

Only Congress can admit new statesOnly Congress can admit new states

Requirements:Requirements:Cannot create a new state which takes Cannot create a new state which takes

territory from one or more of the territory from one or more of the existing States without the consent of existing States without the consent of the legislature(s) of the State(s) the legislature(s) of the State(s) involvedinvolved

How a State is formedHow a State is formed

State asks Congress for admissionState asks Congress for admission Congress passes an enabling actCongress passes an enabling act

An act directing the people of the territory to An act directing the people of the territory to frame a proposed State Constitutionframe a proposed State Constitution

Convention prepares Constitution Convention prepares Constitution Popular vote by the peoplePopular vote by the people

Submitted to Congress for considerationSubmitted to Congress for consideration If Congress still agrees to Statehood – Act of If Congress still agrees to Statehood – Act of

AdmissionAdmissionAct which creates State Act which creates State

President SignsPresident Signs Congress can set conditionsCongress can set conditions

Utah = Outlaw Polygamy Utah = Outlaw Polygamy

National and State National and State CooperationCooperation

National to StatesNational to States GRANTS!!!GRANTS!!! Grants-in-aid programsGrants-in-aid programs

Grants of federal money or other resources to the States Grants of federal money or other resources to the States and/or their cities, counties, and other local unitsand/or their cities, counties, and other local units

Why?Why? These governments are often cash-strappedThese governments are often cash-strapped Help them perform large share of their everyday functionsHelp them perform large share of their everyday functions

Land GrantsLand Grants Colleges/universities, public schools, roads and canals, etc. Colleges/universities, public schools, roads and canals, etc.

Cash GrantsCash Grants Many areasMany areas

Education, mass transit, highway construction, health care, on-the-Education, mass transit, highway construction, health care, on-the-job training, etc. job training, etc.

Today = $275 billion Today = $275 billion 25% of state and local government spending25% of state and local government spending

What are some dangers of the grants-in-aid programs? What are some dangers of the grants-in-aid programs?

3 Types of Grants-in-Aid3 Types of Grants-in-Aid

CategoricalCategoricalBlockBlockProjectProject

CategoricalCategorical

Grants made for some specific, closely Grants made for some specific, closely defined purposedefined purpose

Strings attached: Strings attached: State must use for the defined purposeState must use for the defined purpose State must make their own monetary State must make their own monetary

contributioncontribution Provide an agency to administer the grantProvide an agency to administer the grant Obey a set of guidelines tailored to the Obey a set of guidelines tailored to the

particular purpose for which the money is givenparticular purpose for which the money is given

BlockBlock

More broadly defined purposesMore broadly defined purposesFewer strings attachedFewer strings attached

States have more freedom on how and States have more freedom on how and on what to spend the moneyon what to spend the money

ProjectProject

To States, localities, private agencies To States, localities, private agencies that applythat apply

Other National AidOther National Aid

State AidState Aid

ActivityActivity

Get into 5 groupsGet into 5 groupsFind 2 examples of each type of grantFind 2 examples of each type of grant

Categorical, block, projectCategorical, block, project

Briefly explain each grantBriefly explain each grantWhat it providesWhat it providesHow it fits the definition of that type of How it fits the definition of that type of

grantgrant