the skeleton 206 bones - fisiokinesiterapiafacial bones maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially...

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The Skeleton 206 bones

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Page 1: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

The Skeleton206 bones

Page 2: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

What makes up the skeleton?

• Cartilage• Bone

– In embryos the skeleton is mainly hyaline cartilage that eventually is replaced by bone, in adults

Page 3: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Function of the skeletal system

• Support• Protect• Lipid & mineral storage• Site for blood cell formation ( in marrow

cavities)

Page 4: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

2 divisions of the skeletal system:

1. Axial• Skull, vertebral column,

thorax, sternum

2. Appendicular• Pelvis, upper & lower

extremities, scapula, clavicles

Page 5: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Bone Markings

• Projections/Processes– Sites for muscle attachment/formation of joints

• Depressions/cavities– Passageway for Nerves/Blood Vessels

* Pg 51 table 7.1

Page 6: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Classification of bone according to texture:

• Compact– Dense, smooth

• Spongy– Made up of

trabeculae…lots of open space

* Pg 52 fig 7.2

Page 7: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Classification of bone continued…

• Long• Short• Flat• Irregular

Page 8: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Long Bones

–Longer than they are wide, has shaft w/ head on each end, mostly compact Ex: femur

Page 9: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Short Bones

–Cube shaped, more spongy bone ex: tarsals

Page 10: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Flat Bones

Very thin, spongy bone sandwiched between compact bone ex: skull

Page 11: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Irregular Bones

–Anything else ex: vertebrae

Page 12: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Parts of the Long Bone/ pg. 52

• Diaphysis: smooth shaft, compact bone

• Periostium: fibrous membrane covers surface

• Epiphysis: end of bone, compact Bone enclosing spongy Bone

Page 13: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Long bones

• Articular cartilage: made up of hyaline cartilage to prevent friction of joints: replaces periostium at epiphysis

• Ephiphyseal plate: growth plate, hyaline cartilage that is replace by bone….epiphyseal lines

Page 14: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Long bones

• Medullary cavity: central canal• Yellow marrow: fatty tissue found in

meduallry cavity• Red marrow: forms RBC’s in infant and is

found in medullary cavity…in adults red marrow is in the interior epiphyses

• Endosteum: lines the medullary cavity

Page 15: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Bone under the microscope

• Centeral/Haversion Canal: verticle• Lacunae: chambers• Osteocytes: mature bone cells• Lamellae: circular arrangement • Osteon/Haversion system: central canal & all

lamellae surrounding it• Caniliculi: tiny canals running from central canal

to lacunae of first lamellae than lam. to lam.• Perforating/Volkman’s Canals: horozontal

Page 16: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal
Page 17: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

The Axial Skeleton

Page 18: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

The Skull

Page 19: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Frontal bone

Page 20: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Parietal Bone

Page 21: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Sphenoid Bone• Greater wings • Lesser wings• Foramen ovale: CNV• Sella turcica

Page 22: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Temporal Bone

• Zygomatic process• Mastoid process• EAM• Styloid process• Jugular foramen

Page 23: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Occipital Bone

• Foramen Magnum

• Occipital condyle

Page 24: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Ethmoid bone

• Crista gali• Cribiform

plates

Page 25: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Facial bones

Page 26: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Facial bones

Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible

*palatine process: anterior hard palateLacrimal bones: forming medial orbit, w/ opening

for tears, between ethmoid & maxillaNasal bones: small, rectangular, form bridge of

nosePalantine bones: posterior to palantine process,

form posterior hard palate and part of orbit

Page 27: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Maxillae

Page 28: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Lacrimal bones

Page 29: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Palantine Bones

Page 30: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Facial bones

Mandible: single bone, lower jaw, only freely movable joint of skull (w/ temporal)ramus: verticle extensions of bodybody: chinalveolar margin: superior margin, contains teeth sockets

Zygomatic bones: cheek bones/lateral orbitVomer: single bone, forms nasal septum, blade

shaped in median plane

Page 31: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Mandible

Page 32: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Zygomatic bones

Page 33: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Vomer

Page 34: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Vertebral Column

24 single & 2 fused bones

5 parts:1. Cervical: 72. Thoracic:123. Lumbar: 54. Sacral: 5 fused5. Coccyx: 3-5 fused

Page 35: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Common features on Vertebrae

• Spinous process: posterior spike• Body: faces anterior• Vertebral foramen: spinal cord

passageway• Transverse process: project laterally off

body• Transverse foramen: only in cervical,

passageway for vertebral arteries

Page 36: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Vertebrae

Page 37: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Cervical

• 7• Smallest• Bifid SP’s• Transverse foramens: vertebral arteries• V. Foramen triangular• Atlas(C1) no body AO joint ; flex/extnsion• Axis(C2) odontoid process/den; rotation• C7: not bifid, vertebral prominens

Page 38: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Cervical X-ray

Page 39: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Atlas & Axis

Page 40: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Thoracic xray

Page 41: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Thoracic Vertebrae

• 12• Medium• Heart shaped body• costal demifacets• Vertebral foramen round• Sp’s long w/ inferior angle

Page 42: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Lumbar Vertebrae5

• Largest• Sp’s:Short thickpoint posterior

Page 43: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Sacrum

• 5 fused vertebrae• Median sacral crest: sp’ REMNANTS• Ala: wings• Sacral canal: A CONTINUATION OF THE

VERTEBRAL CANAL

Page 44: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Coccyx

• 3-5 fused• tailbone

Page 45: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Intervertebral Discs (IVD)

• Shock absorber fibrocartilge pads between vertebrae

• Gel like center Nucleus pulposis

• Outer rings of collagen fibers known as annulus fibrosis

• Give us height

Page 46: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Ribs

12 pair articulate the vertebral column posterior an first 7 articulate anterior w/ sternum

• True ribs: first 7 attach to sternum by their costal cartilage

• False ribs: 8-12..8- 10 indirect c.c. attachment

• Floating ribs: (11/12) last 2 ribs, no sternalattachment

Page 47: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Rib Cage

Page 48: The Skeleton 206 bones - FisiokinesiterapiaFacial bones Maxillae: upper jaw, 2 bones fused medially all bones join it, except mandible *palatine process: anterior hard palate Lacrimal

Sternum

• Flat bone• Made from fusion of :

– body – manubrium(knot), – xiphoid process( level

w/ 5th intercostalspace)