Chase High School

Economic benefit from thousands of jobs and about $32 billion dollars input into the national economy.

Small animals serve as companions and pets to almost 60% of all American families.Children learn responsibility and social skillsElderly people benefit from quality of life.

Valuable means of testing and developing new products such as drugs and vaccines

Small animals are used in pet therapy to help patients overcome illness

Dogs are useful as watch dogs, police dogs, and seeing eye dogs.

Rabbits are useful as an excellent source of meat that is low in cholesterol, sodium, and fat while being a highly palatable food source.

Some are used to provide products such as fur/wool for coats, hats, gloves and other things as well

Animals provide entertainment in zoos, circus acts, etc. and increases an appreciation for animals.

10,500-11,000 retail pet stores produce $21 billion in sales.

Biomedical research supported by $15 billion in taxes and charity used 65-100 million small animals.

6 million small animals were used in educational facilities.

Americans spend $20.3 billion per year on pets.

Pet food manufacturers produce $9 billion in sales

Veterinary expenses exceed $11 billion annually.Dogs require 2x as much vet care as cats

There are 7 million more cats than dogs(each cat owner averages owning 2 cats)

Dogs are found in more households than cats

Fish, birds, and rabbits rank 3rd, 4th,and 5th as far as pet ownership.

The pet industry is just one small area of small animals care and management, other jobs include small animal care in the lab, zoo, training, and biological sciences.

Jobs to supply food, equipment, and healthcare to small animals.

Research in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.

Exhibitors

Pet Care Workers- many types provide many services to small animal workers. Kennels, animal hospitals and shelters, pet stores…

Kennel attendants- feed and care for animals and keep kennels clean.

Animal groomers- bathe pets and keep them looking pretty.

Small Animal Breeders- raise and market fur-bearing animals, animals for sale. Usually specialize in one breed.

Pet Shop Owners- care for small animals they offer for sale

Pet Shop Manager- run the daily pet store operations

Veterinarians- Doctors of veterinary medicine, treat and control animal injuries and diseases. They also vaccinate animals against disease, and inspect animals and meat products used for food.

They also perform surgery, set broken bones, establish diet and exercise routines and prescribe medicines.

1/3 of vets in US treat only small animals.

Dealers- people who sell lab animals for research and teaching.

Vet Technicians- assist vet and other members of the vet staff

Prefix-word part at the beginning of the word indicating number, location, time or status.

Examples:A-an: without, lack of something(anemia-

without blood)Anti: against, opposing(antiseptic-against

infection)Pre: before(preoperative-before operation)

Word part that gives the fundamental meaning of the word.

Examples:Cardi: Heart (cardiology-study of the heart)Gastr: Stomach (gastronomy- surgical opening

of the stomach)Phleb, ven: vein (phlebotomist- person who

obtains blood from veins)

Word part at the end of the word indicating procedure, condition, disease, or disorder.

Examples:algia: pain (arthralgia-painful joints) centesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid

(cystocentesis-removing fluid from the bladder)itis: inflammation (bronchitis- inflammation of

the bronchial tubes)rrhea: flow or discharge (diarrhea- watery flow

or discharge)

Ventral: underside of the body

Cranial: Head

Anterior: front of the body

Dorsal: back

Dorsal

Caudal: tail

Caudal

Dorsal (frontal) plane: plane that divides the body into dorsal (back and ventral (belly) parts.

Transverse (horizontal or cross-sectional) Plane: plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts.

Antisepsis: the process of applying a preparation to the surface of living tissue to prevent infections and inhibit growth of microorganisms.

Biopsy: removal of a tissue sample for microscopic diagnosis and examination.

Catheterization: the insertion of a sterile plastic tube into the urethra to remove urine.

Contact transmission: method of disease transmission that includes direct contact, indirect contact and droplet contact.

Endogenous: the source of microorganisms necessary to cause infection originate from within the body of an animal.

Exogenous: the source of microorganism necessary to cause infection is environmental

Incubation: period of time between the animal contact with an infection and the appearance of disease symptoms. While the incubation period for rabies may

vary from a few days to several years, it usually lasts one to three months

Infectious Disease: diseases capable of being spread from one animal to another.

Pocket Pets: a term used to describe small pets once only thought of as lab animals, such as gerbils, hamsters, guinea pigs, mice and rats.

Preventative health care programs: programs designed by vets to help prevent disease and health problems in individual animals or herds of animals.Preventative Health Care Programs

Quarantine: the isolation of an animal or animals suspected to have been exposed to an infectious disease for the infection duration incubation period.

Spaying: the removal of female reproductive organs.

Zoonoses: diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

Not the same as Animal WelfareShould not be used as if it means the same as

animal welfareMedia may wrongly use the two terms

interchangeably

Modern Animal Rights Movement:Over 400 animal rights groups exist todayCame into prominence in the 1960s and 1970sInitially mainly made up of urban people,

many of whom were vegetarians

Beliefs of most Animal Rights Movement groups:Humanizing animals to have the same rights as

humans (humans are also animals).

To use animals for human purposes is morally and ethically wrong and reflects a bias that humans are superior to animals.

Beliefs Continued:

Animals should never be used for food, clothing, medical research, and/or product testing.

Animals should not be used for entertainmentBelieve in using ecoterrorism to prevent people

from using animals if necessary

Major Animal Rights Group is PETAPeople for Ethical Treatment of Animals

Largest animal rights group in the world with over 800,000 members.

Since 1980, it has been dedicated to establishing and protecting rights of animals. They are against:EatingWearingExperimentingUsing for entertainment

Rooted in any of several schools of thoughtHistory of animal domestication dating back to

the Chinese and EgyptiansEarly United States used animals for food,

clothing, shelter, transportation, and horsepower to perform tasks

Creation view that God gave man dominion over animals which includes use and care

Various religions that use animal sacrifice and include great detail as to how to humanely slaughter the animal

Animal Welfare Laws: laws protecting animals were present before the animal rights movement

Animal Welfare Act

Animal Welfare beliefs include:Animals should be treated humanely regardless

of how they are used.Animals should receive proper housing and

nutritionAnimals should receive proper care for disease

prevention and treatment for injuries.Euthanasia or slaughter should be done in a

humane way.

Disease that may be transmitted from animals

A viral disease that affects to nervous system and is contracted from bites and scratches of infected animals such as dogs and cats.

Immunization is recommended if there is doubt about whether the animal is infected with rabies.

93% of the reported rabies cases were in wild animals

Children 5-9 years old make up less that 9% of the population but receive almost 30% of animal bites.

Most domestic animals are not likely to be infected with rabies as long as they are vaccinated on a regular basis.

What happens if your dog is suspected to have rabies?Testing is done to see if your pet has rabiesIsolation (quarantine) for 10 days after the

animal has bitten someone.Rabies in N.C

Disease produced by infection of Toxoplasma gondii parasite and spread through contaminated litter or cat feces.

Does not show up as long as the human immune system is working properly

Particularly of concern for pregnant women, as it may result in miscarriage, babies born prematurely or blind

Prevent by wearing rubber, disposable gloves to daily clean litter boxes and thoroughly was hands after cleaning litter box.

Fungal DiseaseShows up as round,

scaly, encrusted lesions on the skin

There is a loss of hair where the lesion is located.

Take your pet to the vetGive it the diagnosed medicine Clean the sore

A disease contracted by caged birds such as parrots, budgerigars, and related birds.

Humans infection through birds contaminated feces or fecal dust

PreventionWear a dust mask and face shieldEliminate lice and mites by spraying

disinfectants on the feathers of birds.

A non-serious disease associated with cat bites and scratches that results in swelling and soreness around the bite or scratch.

Treatments:Antibiotics

A disease that results from an infection of Salmonella bacteria and may be transmitted to humans and animals.

Children and elderly are most at risk

Pet turtles and reptiles are a common source of infection in humans.

Causes coagulation of blood.Symptoms:

FeverHeadacheNauseaVomitingSkin rashDeath if not treated with proper antibodies.

Caused by bite of American dog tick and six other tick species

Caused by bite of American dog tick and six other tick species

Tick-transmitted bacterial disease that results in:RashDistinctive skin lesionHives Flu-like symptoms

Disease that humans contract by food, water, or soil that has been contaminated by urine from small animals.

Organisms that live on or within a host organism.

Parasites gain their sustenance (nourishment) from the host organism.

Children are most at risk because they play with dogs and cats and in the area where animals have been.

7 species carry Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and 5 species most often carry Zysore disease.

Daily Personal Hygiene is especially important for those working with pets to remove small larvae that may go undetected by visual inspection.

Ascarids and HookwormsRoundworms that affect dogs and cats May be passed on to humans causing fever,

headache, cough and poor appetite

Ascarids and Hookworms cont.Children who play with dogs and cats are

more at risk

Deworming of cats and dogs is the most effective prevention measure

Keeping areas clean from feces as well

Tapeworm (Echinococus species)Occasionally carried by dogs and cats and

may cause AHD (Alveolar Hydatid Disease)Can be fatal or produce parasitic tumors or

cysts in the liver of humans that may go unnoticed for years.

How to Avoid ContaminationAvoid contamination by frequent washing of

hands and wearing protective clothingSeparate sick animals and treat in separate

areas.

How to Avoid Contamination Do not eat or drink or store food and drink in

treatment areas or where contamination can occur

Never wash lab coats and protective clothing with regular clothes

Protective ClothingWear protective clothing and equipment

when the job performed with a small animal requires it.

Rubber unlined gloves, rubber boots and face shield or goggles with anti fog lenses should be worn when handling chemicals or applying pesticides.

Protective ClothingLeather gloves help protect from bites and

scratchesCoveralls and lab coats offer some additional

protection from minor bites and scratches.Respirators should be worn when there is a

danger of inhaling toxic dust and other substances.

Chemical SafetyUse chemicals according to label instructionsStore chemicals in the original container

whenever possible.

Chemical SafetyAvoid over mixing and storing chemicals, but

if chemicals must be stored, make certain they are:In a locked locationClearly labeled

Chemical SafetyDispose of all chemicals and their containers

according to label instructionsFrequently wash hands and exposed area

after using chemicals.

Proper Handling Techniques for Small AnimalsLearn proper and safe handling techniques

that prevent injury to the animal and handler.Keep a first aid kit available for workers who

do suffer bites or scratches

Proper Handling Techniques for Small AnimalsBriefly restrain animals when needed for

examination or treatment

CatsTo work around the head of a cat, the animal

can be wrapped in a blanket and placed in a zippered canvas bag so that the handler can grasp the back of the head and hold the head between the thumb and fingers.

DogsDogs are briefly restrained by placing one

arm under the dog’s neck with the forearm holding the head while the other arm is placed around the animal’s body to pull it close to the handler.

DogsMuzzles for dogs prevent biting and can be a

simple narrow strip of gauze or cloth made by making a loop in the material.

The loop is slipped over the dog’s nose and mouth at the ends are crossed under the jaw to bring them up behind the ears for tying in a bow.

RabbitsRabbits seldom bite but may cause injury

with their hind legs or may be injured if placed on a smooth surface.

A rabbit’s foot pads are covered with fur which causes a lack of traction if they are placed on a smooth or slick surface and may result in dislocation of their hip or spine when they try to move or hop.

Rats and mice that are used to being handled can be picked up by grasping the tail close to the body with one hand and using the other hand to grasp loose skin in the neck and shoulder area.