the smarth2o project - foundation for research & technology€¦ · smart meters and end use...

The SmartH2O projectsocial awareness and dynamic pricing for promoting efficient residential water use

Enabling Privacy in a Gaming Framework for Smart Electricity and Water GridsCristina Rottondi1 and Giacomo Verticale2

1) Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Switzerland

2) Dept. of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy

AN EXAMPLE: LONDON

UK_WATER SUPPLY UTILITY

15 million customers

2.6 Gl/day drinking water

3 billion $ revenue (2013-14)

HOW TO FILL THE GAP?





2010 2040






CAPACITY

EXPANSION

2010 2040






DEMAND MANAGEMENT

CAPACITY

EXPANSION

2010 2040

THE PROJECT

high resolution water

consumption data

interaction with customers

for socio-psychographic

data gathering

management strategies:

dynamic pricing

rewards

INNOVATIVE WATER

DEMAND MANAGEMENT

Game App

Gamified billWater users

communitySmart meters

Dynamic prices

Response

to WDM

strategies

Water consumption

smart meters

and end use

analysis

gamified bill

online and

board game

behavioral modeling

water

consumption

drivers

identification

water

consumption

level forecast

at the

customer scale

administrator

dashboard

dynamic water pricing

tailored feedbacks

prescriptive norms

gamified bill

Response to

WDMS

THE PLATFORM

Hi, I’m

serious!

“Games that do not have

entertainment, enjoyment or

fun as their primary purpose”

(Michael & Chen, 2005).

SERIOUS GAMES

For Training

For Education

For entertainment

Games based on pervasive

technology.

PERVASIVE GAMES

Yan Xu et. al.: Designing pervasive

health games for sustainability,

adaptability and sociability

For health purposes

I’m

pervasive!

Also some serious games try to

change your opinion about

somethingWe’re

persuasive!

Persuasive games (try to)

change your

opinion/behaviour on some

topic.

PERSUASIVE GAMES

Pervasive Serious

Persuasive

HERE WE ARE!

Water wars Atoll Game The Basin

Challenge /

Catchment detox

FloodSim Acqua Republica

Technology Non specified VisualWorks©,

CORMAS©platform

Flash Flash Unity

Role of the player Stakeholders Family providers – 1

water agency player

Policymakers (god) Flood policy strategist Mayor (god)

Feedback Message boards Non specified Messages in game and

leaderboard

Messages in game Messages in game

Mechanics Turn based rpg Rpg computer assisted Turn based Rpg Turn based rpg Turn based Rpg

WM Issues - Policies

- Variable water

conditions

- Variable water

conditions

(hydrogeological model)

- Scarcity

- Management (Policies)

- Policies

- Variable water

conditions

- Scarcity of water

- Floods (concepts and

policies)

- variable water

conditions

- policies

Players Multiplayer, chat

communication

Up to 16 presential

players (8 for board)

1-2 players 1 1

Primary focus Facilitating discourse

among inhabitants of a

real world watershed

Land and water

allocation conflicting

rules

Manage a river

catchment so that after

50/100 years you have a

healthy economy and

environment.

Raising awareness of

issues surrounding

flooding policy

and citizen

engagement in the UK

to play and learn—by

personal experience,

about the conflicts and

trade-offs that exist in a

river basin.

Target Audience New mexico residents Tarawa atoll 16

representa. (people and

policymakers)

Teenage students

(anyone can play)

Everyone (UK residents) Everyone ()

Platform web and mobile PC supported board

game

Web Web Web (portable)

Extracting data Semi structured

interview

semi-automatic

software

Not provided Not provided Numerical computational

models (MIKE BASIN

from DHI)

WATER CONSUMPTION RELATED GAMES

• The players are grouped into teams

• Team members cooperate to beat a consumption

threshold declared by the utility

• All the teams that beat the threshold win the game

THE GAME IN A NUTSHELL

PLAYER

TEAM 2

5. CONSUMPTION

AGGREGATION

GAME

PLATFORM

UTILITY

SUBSCRIBERS

PLAYER

TEAM 1

6. CONSUMPTION CHECK

4. GAME GOALS

7. GAME OUTCOME

5. CONSUMPTION

AGGREGATION

1. GAME SELECTION

THE GAMING FRAMEWORK

If we’re going to use social data,

how to treat massive data to

guarantee users’ privacy?

OPEN ISSUES

1. The game platform sees no water consumption

measurements (“oblivious”)

2. The utility sees only the aggregate team

consumption

3. No player sees the measurement of the other

players

PRIVACY GOALS IN THE GAME

• The players use Shamir Secret Sharing Scheme to

conceal their measurements

• Thanks to Shamir’s homomorphic properties, the

players collaboratively aggregate their

measurements and send the sum to the utility

• The utility uses Pedersen Commitments to verify the

correctness of the sum

• The game platform declares the winners

BASIC IDEAS

CONSUMPTION AGGREGATION WITH SHAMIR

SECRET SHARING SCHEME

A

B

12

3

12

3

12

3



A

B

C

1

2

3

1 1

2

2

33



A

B

C

1 11+ + = 1

11

2

23

3 2 22+ + = 2

3 33+ + = 3



A

B

C

12

3

12

31

23

12

3

12

3

12

3

12

3+ + =

Message size

Computational load

NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT

# of modular exponentiations

depends linearly on # of players

# of modular multiplications

depends logarythmically on team

sizes

Example of game platform

throughput: 1000 users grouped

in 50 teams of 20 members each

lead to data volumes in the order

of a few tens of Gbits

• We propose a privacy-enhanced game platform aimed at encouraging players to reduce water consumption.

• The game implements team challenges against an unmanned adversary to keep aggregate consumption below a given threshold.

• We propose a privacy-friendly communication protocol which enables to execute the game without disclosing any individual consumption measurement and includes a set of correctness checks to detect cheaters.

• Numerical assessments show that the framework is scalable up to several thousands of players.

CONCLUSIONS

The project partners

the smarth2o project - foundation for research & technology€¦ · smart meters and end use...

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