The Sniper and Short Story The Sniper and Short Story ReviewReview

Short stories!Short stories!

Types of Conflict•External

-Man v Man

Rainsford Vs. General Zaroff, Mr. Nuttel vs. Vera,

-Man v Nature

Rainsford against the ocean when he is trying to swim ashore to survive

-Man v Obstacle or Society

Vera vs. the formality of British

society

•Internal

-Man v Himself

Rainsford trying to keep his “nerve” not panic so he can survive.

ImageryImagery

Main Purpose: details make the Main Purpose: details make the story more realisticstory more realistic

Allows the writer to make believable Allows the writer to make believable characters characters

Makes the reading strategy of Makes the reading strategy of visualization possiblevisualization possible

Adds depth to the reader’s Adds depth to the reader’s understanding (allusions, methaphors, understanding (allusions, methaphors, similes)similes)

PurposePurpose

Word Choice (connected Word Choice (connected to concept of imagery)to concept of imagery)

Author’s choice of words Author’s choice of words tell the reader:– about the topic of the story.– The words tell the reader the opinions

of the author. – The word choice may be formal or

informal. Ex. “The Open Window”

DialogueDialogue

Rainsford is unable to respond to Rainsford is unable to respond to General Zaroff during the hunt.General Zaroff during the hunt.

What does this one sided dialogue What does this one sided dialogue highlight?highlight?

General Zaroff’s General Zaroff’s arrogance/confidence and Rainsford’s arrogance/confidence and Rainsford’s fear.fear.

Types of Characters•Main: Vera and Mr. Nuttel or Minor: Mrs. Sappleton

•Protagonist: Rainsford, Mr. Nuttel, the Sniper

•Antagonist: General Zaroff

•Round : Rainsford, Vera, the Sniper

• Flat: Whitney, Ivan, Mrs. Sappleton

•Dynamic: Rainsford, Vera, the Sniper

• Static: Gen. Zaroff, Mrs.Sappleton, Mr. Nuttel

•*Stereotypes=Stock Characters*

Setting= time and place

-puts the reader in the story by giving the reader the feeling of being in the situation.

-creates atmosphere by the positive or negative feelings with the place.The details contribute directly to the mood

Point of View or . . .

(Who’s telling this story anyway?)-the vantage point from which the story is told.

-determines how much we, the readers, know about the characters.

1st Person• Narrator is a character in the story.

•Narrator uses first-person pronouns, I, me, my, we, us, our to refer to himself or herself.

•Narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of one character and speaks directly to reader.

3rd Person Limited

“The Open Window” •Narrator does not participate in action of story.

•Narrator does not refer to himself or herself.

•Narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of one character, but readers are able to maintain some emotional distance from the character.

3rd Person Omniscient

“The Most Dangerous Game”•Narrator does not participate in action of story.

•Narrator does not refer to himself or herself.

•Narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all characters; readers get insight into several characters.

What is a symbol?

A symbol is a person, a place, an activity, or an object that stands for something beyond itself.

ThemeIn literature, theme is a perception about life or human nature that the writer wants to share with the reader.

In most cases, the theme is not stated directly but must be inferred.

Themes can be revealed by

- a story’s title

- key phrases and statements about big ideas

- the ways the characters change and the lessons they learn about life.

Author’s PurposeAuthor’s Purpose

To informTo informTo share information about To share information about

a subjecta subject

To PersuadeTo PersuadeTo convince the reader of To convince the reader of

something through the something through the use of positive or use of positive or negative details.negative details.

To entertainTo entertainTo tell a story for the express To tell a story for the express

purpose of entertainmentpurpose of entertainment

““The Open Window”The Open Window”

““The Most Dangerous Game”The Most Dangerous Game”

To express feelingsTo express feelingsTo express the feelings of the To express the feelings of the

author through direct or author through direct or indirect commentary and indirect commentary and description.description.

““The Sniper”The Sniper”

The End

Pacing of StoryPacing of Story

Does the pacing change in Does the pacing change in “The Most Dangerous Game” “The Most Dangerous Game”

to add to the suspense?to add to the suspense?

Yes! It is quick when there is Yes! It is quick when there is danger!danger!