the solar system. solar system models geocentric model : model of the solar system that states that...
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The Solar System
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Solar System Models•geocentric model: model of the solar system that states that the Earth is the center of the solar system–believed until 1600’s
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•heliocentric model: model of the solar system that states that the sun is the center of the solar system and the planets revolve around it
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•the stars don’t seem to move in our sky; planets do because they are much closer than stars
•planets move in an eastward movement
•sometimes planets appear to move in a backward movement, this is called retrograde motion
•a loop occurs because each planet travels around the sun at different speeds
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Watch retrograde motion!
http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/projects/data/Retrograde/index.html
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•The path a planet follows around the sun is called its orbit
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Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
•1st law : planets orbit the sun in a path called an ellipse
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aphelion
perhelion
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•astonomical unit: the average distance between the earth and the sun–150 million km
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•2nd law: planets move fastest when they are closest to the sun in their orbits
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•3rd law: the farther away a planet orbits, the longer the planet takes to revolve around the sun
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•revolution: movement of the Earth around the sun–takes 365.24 days (1 year)
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•rotation: spinning of Earth on its axis–takes 24 hours (1 day)–rotates counterclockwise
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the Earth is tilted 23 ½ °on its axis. Either the Northern Hemisphere or Southern Hemisphere tilts towards the sun
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•hemisphere that tilts towards the sun has summer (more direct sunlight
•hemisphere that tilts away from the sun has winter (less direct sunlight)
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•summer solstice: longest sunlight hours of the year-June 21st-first day of summer
•winter solstice: shortest sunlight hours of the year- Dec. 21st- first day of winter
•spring equinox: equal amounts of day/night hours- March 21st- first day of spring
•fall equinox: equal amounts of day/night hours- Sept. 21st- first day of fall
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•precession: slow circular motion of the Earth’s axis as it turns in space that traces a circle in space every 26 thousand years
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• INNER PLANETS–also known as the terrestrial planets
–dense, small, have solid rocky surfaces, metal cores
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•OUTER PLANET–also known as the Jovian Planets
– less dense, large, gaseous, thick atmosphere
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“My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas”
To remember the order of the planets, just remember this sentence…
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Other Objects in the Solar System
•comet: composed of dust, rock, frozen water, and gas
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1. nucleus: glows by reflected sunlight
2.coma: hazy cloud that surrounds the nucleus
3. tail: gas and dust that always points away from the sun
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Halley’s Comet
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Hale-Bopp Comet
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•asteroid: solid, rock-like mass, irregular in shape
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•orbit the sun- most orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt
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•Ceres is the largest asteroid
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•meteoroid: rock or icy fragment moving through space–can be large as a boulder or as small as sand
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•meteor: light made by meteoroid as it passes through Earth’s atmosphere
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•meteorite: a meteoroid that lands on Earth– can be stone, iron, or stony-iron– most burn up before striking the
surface
iron meteorite
stone meteorite
stony-iron meteorite
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•if they strike the Earth, they form impact craters (this is rare!)