the soviet union lenin takes command and stalin’s reign of terror
TRANSCRIPT
Vladimir Ulyanov
• From upper class family
• Profoundly affected by execution of his brother
• Exiled by Tsar 1897
LENIN
• Returns April 1917
• Overthrows Provisional gov’t
• Bolsheviks promise
• “Peace, Land and Bread”
• 1918 Treaty of Brest -Litovsk
Alexander Kerensky
• Tsar abdicates
• Duma forms provisional government
• Hope for moderate, democratic gov’t
• Overthrown by Bolsheviks
TrotskyLev Bronstein
• Lenin’s #2
• Marxist theory
• Military strategy
• Led the Red Army to victory in CW
• Pushed out and exiled by Stalin
Lenin Gets A Pass
• Lenin still held in high regard even though– He established the CHEKA Secret Police later
known as (KGB)– Started the GULAG Prison Camp system– Used Murder, Torture, Prison and Exile to
further political goals.– Dies in 1924 - Stalin carries on the program
Stalin’s Rise to Power
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• Josef Dzhugashvilli• 1878 Born in Georgia• Peasant stock• Quits seminary to join
the revolution• “Stalin” Man of Steel• Prison and exile
Young Revolutionary
• 1899 -1917• Not an intellectual• Tough guy who could
get things done• Bank robberies• Kidnappings• Demonstrations• Escapes
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Stalin Out Maneuvers Trotsky
• Stalin Assigned Post in Secretariat • Gathers information on party members• Appoints people to party jobs, expects loyalty
(carrot)• Punishes those who disagree with him by
removing them from their posts (stick)• Forms alliances• Trotsky passed over when Lenin dies
Rapid Industrialization
• 5 Year Plans set ambitious goals
• Goals were met despite dangerous conditions, loss of life
• Use of slave labor• Potemkin Villages,
hide shortfalls if goals not met
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Collectivization of Agriculture
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• Massive state farms• Kulaks shipped off to
Siberia• They destroy
livestock, machinery, etc.
• Production quotas can’t be met
• Famine
Famine in Ukraine
• Bread Basket of Europe • Collectivization does not
work• Government takes all of
the grain, even that for personal use
• 5 million deaths • 1932-33 • Remember this picture
when you see “Che”
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Purge Trials of the 1930’s
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• Stalin eliminates the “competition”
• Uses torture to force confessions from old Bolshevik comrades
• Some had been heroes of the Revolution
• Death or labor camps
Inner Circle
• Most Powerful Leaders in USSR– STALIN– Voroshilov– Beria– Molotov– Malenkov– Kaganovich– Kalinin
Ivan’s Apartment
• Ivan and Anastasia Sanshin
• Aaron and Sonya Gubelman
• Katya
• Morda (the Policeman) and Mrs. Morda
• The Professor
• Feodosia - The Old Lady
The Non-Aggression Pact1939
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• Molotov-Ribbentrop negotiate an alliance between Stalin and Hitler
• USSR to provide food and raw materials to Germany
• Germany to provide manufactured goodd to USSR
• Hitler invades in 1941
Battle of Stalingrad
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• 1942 The Enemy is at the Gate
• Government is evacuated from Moscow to Kuibyshev
• Stalin stays behind• Russians rally to
defend the Motherland
Cult of Personality
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The Big Three
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• FDR, Churchill and Stalin ally to defeat Hitler• At Yalta, Stalin is rewarded for Russia’s sacrifice• Security zone of Eastern European “satellite
states”