the spanish conquest mr. barchetto notes #2 ferdinand magellan & the first circumnavigation of...
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The Spanish The Spanish ConquestConquest
Mr. BarchettoMr. Barchetto
Notes #2Notes #2
Ferdinand Magellan & the Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of First Circumnavigation of
the Worldthe World
Ferdinand Magellan & the Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of First Circumnavigation of
the Worldthe World
~The ~The Explorer~ Explorer~ Christopher Columbus- 1492Christopher Columbus- 1492
– GoalGoal to find an alternate route to the Spice Islands…to find an alternate route to the Spice Islands…
– OutcomeOutcome he instead found the Americashe instead found the Americas traveled in and out of the Caribbean Islands writing traveled in and out of the Caribbean Islands writing
down what he witnessed about the native population.down what he witnessed about the native population.– Purpose/Significance of “Columbus Letter”Purpose/Significance of “Columbus Letter”written written
on board the on board the CaravelCaravel, off the Canary Isles, on the 15th of February, 1493., off the Canary Isles, on the 15th of February, 1493.– Read “Read “Columbus Letter”Columbus Letter” and answer questions.and answer questions.
What is the purpose of the letter and who is he writing it to?What is the purpose of the letter and who is he writing it to?– Writing to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Writing to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella – Purpose- inform them on his progress in the new world what he has Purpose- inform them on his progress in the new world what he has
foundfound
Why is this letter significant?Why is this letter significant?– Letter opens up the new world to Spanish conquest and domination.Letter opens up the new world to Spanish conquest and domination.
•Spanish soldiers who came to the New World to help conquer and settle the Americas for Spain.
•Some of their methods were harsh and brutal especially to the Native
American population.•With every Spanish explorer
were conquistadors and members of the Catholic Church to convert
Native Americans.
Hernan Hernan CortezCortezHernan Hernan CortezCortez
The First Spanish Conquests:The First Spanish Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
The First Spanish Conquests:The First Spanish Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
Montezuma Montezuma IIII
Montezuma Montezuma IIII
vvs.s.vvs.s.
~The ~The Conquistadors~Conquistadors~
Hernan Cortez-Hernan Cortez-15191519 Purpose-Purpose-
– conquer new lands for conquer new lands for the Spanish Crown.the Spanish Crown.
– Traveled from Cuba into Traveled from Cuba into Mexico—Aztec EmpireMexico—Aztec Empire
– arranged arranged alliancesalliances to defeat to defeat the Aztec in Tenonchtitlánthe Aztec in Tenonchtitlán
– Montezuma is defeated, Montezuma is defeated, Tenochtitlan becomes Tenochtitlan becomes Mexico City in 1521. Mexico City in 1521.
Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
The First Spanish Conquests:The First Spanish Conquests:
The IncasThe Incas
The First Spanish Conquests:The First Spanish Conquests:
The IncasThe Incas
AtahualpaAtahualpa
vvs.s.
~The ~The Conquistadors~Conquistadors~
Francisco Pizarro-Francisco Pizarro-1532 1532
Purpose-Purpose-– conquer new lands for conquer new lands for
the Spanish Crown.the Spanish Crown.
– Peru—Inca Empire (South Peru—Inca Empire (South America)America)
– Held Atahualpa ransom, and Held Atahualpa ransom, and killed him. killed him.
– Took over the Incan EmpireTook over the Incan Empire
Spanish Success in the Spanish Success in the Americas Americas
Spanish Conquer Native Americans: 4 Key Ingredients for Success
1. Disease-1. Disease- brought by Europeans weakened Native populations. Natives never had exposure to these diseases.
2. Superior Weapons-2. Superior Weapons- Spanish had armor which protected them from arrows and the Spanish had guns and Canons
3. 3. Disunity-Disunity- Spanish were able to use disunity between natives to form alliances which would help take down large empires.
4. Gods?-4. Gods?-Many natives saw the emergence of the Spanish in the New World as their world ending
~Cycle of Conquest & ~Cycle of Conquest & Colonization~Colonization~
~Cycle of Conquest & ~Cycle of Conquest & Colonization~Colonization~
COLONIAL PERIODCOLONIZATION IS A NATURAL OUTGROWTH OF EXPLORATION
MERCANTILISM - COLONIES EXIST TO BENEFIT THE MOTHER COUNTRY
3 MAJOR COUNTRIES TOOK THE LEAD IN
COLONIZING THE NEW WORLD
SPAIN
FRANCE
ENGLAND
SPAIN IN AMERICASPANISH OBJECTIVES IN THE NEW WORLD
o WEALTH
o POWER & GLORY
o EXPAND BOUNDARIES
o SPREAD RELIGION
COLONIES LOCATED IN SOUTH AMERICA, CENTRAL
AMERICA & SOUTHERN NORTH AMERICA
Spanish empire by the 1600’s
consisted of the part of North
AmericaCentral America
Caribbean Islands Much of South
America.
~The Colonial Class ~The Colonial Class System~System~
~The Colonial Class ~The Colonial Class System~System~PeninsularesPeninsulares
Spanish Spanish ancestoryancestory
PeninsularesPeninsularesSpanish Spanish
ancestoryancestoryCreolesCreolesSpanish Spanish
and and European European mixture.mixture.
CreolesCreolesSpanish Spanish
and and European European mixture.mixture.
MestizosMestizosSpanish Spanish
and and Indian Indian
mixturemixture
MestizosMestizosSpanish Spanish
and and Indian Indian
mixturemixture
MulattosMulattosSpanish Spanish
and Black and Black mixturemixture
MulattosMulattosSpanish Spanish
and Black and Black mixturemixture
Native IndiansNative IndiansNative IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack SlavesBlack SlavesBlack Slaves
1. Spanish practice of securing an adequate and cheap labor supply = FEUDALISM
•“granted” to deserving subjects of the King2. Conquistador controlled Indian populations
•Required Indians to pay tribute from their lands•Indians often rendered personal services as well.
3. In return the conquistador was obligated to•protect his wards•instruct them in the Christian faith•defend their right to use the to live off the land
4. Encomienda system eventually decimated Indian population. 5. The King prevented the encomienda with the New Laws (1542) supported by de Las Casas, the system gradually died out.