the spirit of independence. think about this? the king of england started to tax the colonists for...
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The Spirit of The Spirit of IndependenceIndependence
THINK ABOUT THISTHINK ABOUT THIS??
The King of England started to tax the The King of England started to tax the colonists for different reasons.colonists for different reasons.
The colonists didn’t want to pay the taxes The colonists didn’t want to pay the taxes
WHAT IS A TAX?WHAT IS A TAX?
– A fee imposed by the A fee imposed by the government people MUST pay.government people MUST pay.
The Colonies & Britain Grow The Colonies & Britain Grow ApartApart
During the French & During the French & Indian War, colonies & Indian War, colonies & Britain fought side by Britain fought side by side.side.
Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763 – no colonists could settle no colonists could settle
west of the Appalachian west of the Appalachian MountainsMountains
Proclamation Line
ORV
King George IIIKing George IIIKing George IIIKing George III,, the British King the British King during the Revolutionary Warduring the Revolutionary War– wanted to enforce the Proclamation so wanted to enforce the Proclamation so
he sent 10,000 British troops into the he sent 10,000 British troops into the colonies.colonies.
Sugar Act & Quartering ActSugar Act & Quartering Act1764 Parliament passed the 1764 Parliament passed the Sugar ActSugar Act– This put a tax on sugar & molasses This put a tax on sugar & molasses
brought into America brought into America (used to cook)(used to cook)
1765 Parliament passed the 1765 Parliament passed the Quartering ActQuartering Act– This required colonist to house, feed, & This required colonist to house, feed, &
provide supplies for British soldiersprovide supplies for British soldiers
WHY?WHY? – Britain had a large debt from the French & Britain had a large debt from the French &
Indian War and needed $$$$.Indian War and needed $$$$.
Taxation Without RepresentationTaxation Without Representation
Many colonists claimed Many colonists claimed Parliament (British Parliament (British government) government) had no right to tax the colonists had no right to tax the colonists without asking permission.without asking permission.– Colonists were not represented in Parliament.Colonists were not represented in Parliament.
““No Taxation Without Representation!”No Taxation Without Representation!”
Stamp ActStamp Act1765 Parliament passed the 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp ActStamp Act– all legal & commercial documents must have all legal & commercial documents must have
an official stamp showing a tax had been paid an official stamp showing a tax had been paid on the documenton the document
Ex: newspapers, diplomas, contracts, playing cardsEx: newspapers, diplomas, contracts, playing cards
Colonial merchants organized a Colonial merchants organized a boycottboycott of British goods as a of British goods as a result of the Stamp Act.result of the Stamp Act.– BoycottBoycott is a refusal to buy goods is a refusal to buy goods
Many colonists formed secret societies to Many colonists formed secret societies to oppose British rule.oppose British rule.– Sons of LibertySons of Liberty
staged protests against the actsstaged protests against the acts
Samuel AdamsSamuel Adams was their leader was their leader
1767 the 1767 the Townshend ActsTownshend Acts passed passed– placed taxes on goods the colonists used placed taxes on goods the colonists used
daily daily glass, paper, paint, lead and teaglass, paper, paint, lead and tea
Sons of Liberty / Townshend ActsSons of Liberty / Townshend Acts
Boston MassacreBoston Massacre
In In 17701770– British soldiers and colonists began British soldiers and colonists began
shouting insults, then throwing snowballs shouting insults, then throwing snowballs at each otherat each other
– A fight broke out and British soldiers fired A fight broke out and British soldiers fired
– 5 Americans died5 Americans died
– Crispus AttucksCrispus Attucks
The Boston MassacreThe Boston Massacre
Crispus Attucks?Crispus Attucks?
Tea ActTea Act1773 Parliament passed 1773 Parliament passed Tea ActTea Act– A tax put on tea brought into the A tax put on tea brought into the
coloniescolonies
Samuel Adams began to form Samuel Adams began to form committees of correspondencecommittees of correspondence– groups who exchanged letters and groups who exchanged letters and
information on colonial affairsinformation on colonial affairs
Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party
As a result of the As a result of the Tea ActTea Act, colonists , colonists dressed up to look like dressed up to look like Mohawk Mohawk IndiansIndians– They boarded British ships carrying goods
into the Boston Harbor
– dumped only the tea from the ships into the Boston Harbor – 342 chests of tea (about 1 million dollars worth in today’s money)
The tea party is an example of The tea party is an example of civil civil disobedience disobedience
The rioters underlined their “pure” political The rioters underlined their “pure” political motives by punishing those who sought motives by punishing those who sought personal gain; a Son of Liberty who stole personal gain; a Son of Liberty who stole some of the tea was “stripped of his booty some of the tea was “stripped of his booty and his clothes together, and sent home and his clothes together, and sent home naked.” naked.”
The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea Party
Other Acts of DisobedienceOther Acts of Disobedience
Is this an example of
“civil disobedience”?
Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts
A series of laws passed by Parliament in A series of laws passed by Parliament in 17741774
Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) (Coercive Acts) – Closed the port of BostonClosed the port of Boston– Made town meetings illegalMade town meetings illegal– Had to house British troopsHad to house British troops– British officials could go to Britain to go on trialBritish officials could go to Britain to go on trial
Chamber pots with figures in them. (Napolean)
First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress
Delegates (members) from all colonies Delegates (members) from all colonies met in Philadelphia, PAmet in Philadelphia, PA
First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress– Agreed to begin training troops for warAgreed to begin training troops for war
– Wanted to fight for colonists rights & Wanted to fight for colonists rights & independenceindependence
– Banned trade with BritainBanned trade with Britain
TO ARMS!!TO ARMS!!By the end of 1774, colonists began to By the end of 1774, colonists began to prepare for a warprepare for a war– MilitiaMilitia – force of armed civilians ready to fight – force of armed civilians ready to fight
for their country.for their country.– MinutemenMinutemen – civilian men ready to – civilian men ready to
act at a minute’s warningact at a minute’s warning– RedcoatsRedcoats – nickname for British – nickname for British
soldierssoldiers
Paul ReverePaul Revere
Paul ReverePaul Revere – rode to rode to LexingtonLexington and and ConcordConcord
(Massachusetts) (Massachusetts)
– British troopsBritish troops were going to attack militia and steal were going to attack militia and steal artilleryartillery
wanted to capture Hancock and Adams
““The British are coming, the The British are coming, the British are coming!!”British are coming!!”
Paul Revere’s RidePaul Revere’s Ride
Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord
British troops found about 70 minutemen British troops found about 70 minutemen waiting.waiting.
Shots were fired…the war had begunShots were fired…the war had begun– ‘‘the shot heard round the world’the shot heard round the world’– the the first battlesfirst battles of the Revolutionary War of the Revolutionary War
Patriots and LoyalistsPatriots and Loyalists
Those who supported the Those who supported the British in the war were British in the war were called called LoyalistsLoyalists..
Those who supported Those who supported the colonists (rebels) in the colonists (rebels) in the war were called the war were called PatriotsPatriots..
The Continental ArmyThe Continental Army
The The Continental ArmyContinental Army began to formbegan to form– army of colonists fighting army of colonists fighting
for independencefor independence– Over 20,000 militiamen Over 20,000 militiamen
showed up in Bostonshowed up in Boston
George WashingtonGeorge Washington– Commanding GeneralCommanding General
Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill
British soldiers forced the militia off British soldiers forced the militia off the hill in a very bloody battlethe hill in a very bloody battle– 1,000 British killed or wounded1,000 British killed or wounded– 400 militiamen killed400 militiamen killed
British redcoats British redcoats won this battle won this battle
“Don’t fire ‘til you see the whites of their eyes!”
Thomas PaineThomas PaineThomas PaineThomas Paine wrote a pamphlet called wrote a pamphlet called Common SenseCommon Sense– a complete break away from England was
necessary– sold 120,000 in 3 months “Every thing
that is right or natural pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, 'tis time to part.”
Opposition to SeparationOpposition to Separation
“ “ America is far from being yet in a America is far from being yet in a desperate situation. I am confident she may desperate situation. I am confident she may obtain honourable and advantageous terms obtain honourable and advantageous terms from Great Britain” from Great Britain”
- Charles Inglis- Charles Inglis
Let’s Declare Independence!Let’s Declare Independence!
At the Second Continental Congress a group At the Second Continental Congress a group was chosen to draft a document called the was chosen to draft a document called the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
On On July 4, 1776July 4, 1776 (Independence Day) (Independence Day) Congress adoptedCongress adopted– Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson
wrote in 17 dayswrote in 17 days
Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
What’s in the What’s in the Declaration?Declaration?– unalienable rightsunalienable rights
– Reasons for Reasons for separating from separating from BritainBritain
– Declared colonies Declared colonies to be free and to be free and independent statesindependent states
Unalienable RightsUnalienable Rights
Unalienable right Unalienable right – a right that cannot be taken awaya right that cannot be taken away
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
Debate Over IndependenceDebate Over Independence
Not all were in favor of Independence Not all were in favor of Independence (video links)(video links)
The The RoadRoad to the Revolution to the Revolution
The Proclamation
of 1763
Revolutionary War begins
1775
Stamp Act
1765
Townshend Acts
1767
Boston Massacre
1770
Tea Act
1773
Boston Tea Party
1773
Intolerable Acts
1774
First Continental Congress
1774
Battles of Lexington &
Concord
1775
Declaration of Independence
written
1776