the status and prospects of nuclear physics research at...

Khryachkov V

The status and prospects of nuclear physics research at IPPE

Khryachkov V.

State scientific center of the Russian Federation –Institute for physics and power engineering named after A. I. LeypunskyInstitute for physics and power engineering named after A. I. Leypunsky

IPPE in nuclear data community

IPPE was establish in 31 May 1946!

Neutron nuclear data important for nuclear reactor is one of the first task of IPPE.

G.Smirenkin Yu.GrigoryevB.KuzminovD.ShpakA.Soldatov

g yD.TambovchevL.KozlovskyVMalinovskyA.Soldatov

B.MaksutenkoG.LovchikovaB Fursov

V.MalinovskyV.PiksaykinA.GoverdovskiVTolstikovB.Fursov

N.KornilovS.SimakovVK

V.TolstikovA.SergachevB.Zhuravlev

lV.Kononov et al.

Fission cross section, fission fragments yield, prompt neutron spectra, prompt neutron multiplicity, elastic and inelastic neutron scattering, neutron capture, ternary fission, (n,) reaction, benchmark, neutron

2/44

and inelastic neutron scattering, neutron capture, ternary fission, (n,) reaction, benchmark, neutron capture, delay neutron, cold fission, angular distribution of fission fragments , level density, et alia.

IPPE Accelerators

IPPE accelerator complexEGP-15

KG-2,5 EG-1

Nuclear physicsRadiation materials scienceNuclear microanalysis

Energy region (p+) -0 1 13 MeV

EG-2,5

EG-0,3

3/44

Energy region (p ) -0,1…13 MeVCurrent -0,01…2000 μAIon mass -1…100 a.m.u.

Accelerators parameters

Accelerator Ions energy(MeV)

Ions Operating mode Current

parametersparametersEG-2,5

(1961 г.) 0,2 – 2,7H, D,

He, N, Ar, O DC0,1 – 30,0 μA

0,01 – 10,0 μA

DC 1 0 20 0 μAEG-1(1958 г.) 0,9 – 4,5 H, D

DC_____________

Pulsed

1,0 – 20,0 μA____________________________________________

Amplitude 2 -3 mAPulse duration 1 – 2 nsFrequency 1 – 5 MHz

EGP 10М DC 1,0 – 10,0 μAEGP-10М(1968 г.) 3,5 – 9,0 H, D

_____________

Pulsed

____________________________________________

Amplitude 0,4 mAPulse duration 1 – 2 nsFrequency 1 – 5 MHz

KG-2 5 0 1 2 0 AKG 2,5(1968 г.) 0.3 – 2,2 H, D DC 0,1 – 2,0 mA

KG-0,3(1968 г.) 0,05 – 0,3 H, D

DC_____________

Pulsed

0,01 – 2,0 mA____________________________________________

Amplitude 3 -5 mAPulse duration 1 – 3 ns

Frequency 0,5 – 2,5 MHz

EGP-15(1993) 4,0 – 12,0

( d)

H, D DC___________________

Pulsed

0,01 – 5,0 μA____________________________________________

Amplitude 0,3 -0,5 mAPulse duration 1 – 3 ns

4/44

(р, d)---------------------------------

F, С, O, Al, Si, Cl, Ni, Fe, Zr

Pulsed

___________________Frequency 1,0 – 5 MHz

------------------------------------------------------------------

0,01 – 1,0 μA

Fission fragments spectrometer

o CSPA FA

In

put C

ooHV

CFD

CSPA

FA

Sto

p

In

put B

ave

form

dig

itize

r

CAM

AC

mpu

ter N

et

Del

ayun

it

Cathode

Anode

238U

Grid

Grid

FA

CSPA FA

C

Inpu

t A

Wa

ComD u

Anode

oHigh voltage

suplayHigh voltage

filter

Ionization chamber: d=120 мм, height – 90 mm.

Working gas: Ar+10%CH4, Pressure – 0.75 atm.

Digitizer: LeCroy 2262, 40 MHz, Time scale – 7 mks.238U sample sizes: Diameter - 60 mm. Thickness 250 pmkg/cm2.

Energy resolution 40 keV for 6 MeV α-particles.

Angular resolution - 0.065 (in cos(θ) unit).

5/44

g ( ( ) )

Mass resolution ~1 a.m.u.

232Th(n,f), En=1,2 and 5 MeV

6

7

232Th(n,f)

Y, % En=5.0 MeV En=1.2 MeV

3

4

5

1

2

3

40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800

1

0 01

0,1

6/4440 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

0,01

Mass, a.m.u.

Fission fragments yield

2500

- IPPEIRMM

N2000

- IRMM

1000

1500

500

1000

169.8 MeV

0120 140 160 180 200 220

TKE, MeV

7/44

TKE distributions for mass 140 a.m.u.

3000 -En=6 5 MeV

2000

2500

En 6.5 MeV -En=5 MeVN

1500

2000

M=140 a.m.u.

500

1000

120 140 160 180 2000

TKE, MeV

8/44

TKE distributions for mass 140 a.m.u.

1000 -En=5 MeV -En=6.5 MeV

N

100

M=140 a.e.m.

1

10

100 120 140 160 180 200

TKE, MeV

1000 En=5 MeV

100 M=130 a.m.u.

-En=5 MeV -En=6.5 MeVN

10

9/44100 120 140 160 180 200

1

TKE, MeV

TKE and TKE dispersion for 238U(n,f) by 5 and 6,5 MeV neutron

170

175

180 -En=5 MeV -En=6.5 MeV

155

160

165

KE, M

eV

140

145

150TK

30

32

-En=5 MeV

120 130 140 150 160 170

24

26

28 -En=6.5 MeV

E, M

eV

18

20

22

TK

10/44120 130 140 150 160 170

16

Mass, a.m.u.

True cold fragmentation observation for 238U fission by 5 MeV neutrons

900

1000

Q

Q Q*

Q*

N500

600

700

800 Anode 1 Anode 2

M1=140.25 M2=98.75E1=80.4 E2=114.2cos(1)=0.522 cos(2)=0.515an

nel

10

100

100

200

300

400

( ) ( )TKE=194.6 MeV

QA,

cha

100 120 140 160 180 200 220

1

TKE M V30

35 0.00 1.25 2.50 3.75 5.00 6.25

0

TKE MeV

10

15

20

25

A, ch

anne

l

Fission fragments yields dependence from TKE value. (□) – mass

2 9 3 0 3 1 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1-5

0

5

10I AFission fragments yields dependence from TKE value. (□) mass130 a.m.u., (●) – mass 140 a.m.u.

11/44

2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1Time, mks

238U(n,f), En=5 MeV

10

12

14

0 -1 M eV

100

120

140

160

4 -5 M eV

80

10060 80 100 120 140 160 180

0

2

4

6

8

60 80 100 120 140 160 1800

20

40

60

80

40

1 2 M eV

180

2005 -6 M eV

60

80

TKE)

, MeV

0

10

20

30

1 -2 M eV

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

20

40(Q* -T 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

20

30

40

50 2 -3 M eV

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

6 -7 M eV

060 80 100 120 140 160 180

0

10

60 80 100 120 140 160 1800

20

40

60

80

50

60

70

80

3 -4 M eV

250

300

350 7 -8 M eV

60 80 100 120 140 160Fission fragment mass, a.m.u.

60 80 100 120 140 160 1800

10

20

30

40

M ass , a .m .u ..

60 80 100 120 140 160 1800

50

100

150

200

12/44

Maximal available TKE for different mass

20 - 5 MeV- 6 5 MeV

10

15- 6.5 MeV

9.8 MeV

Max, M

eV

5

10

Q* -T

KEM

0

3.34 MeV

115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170Mass, a.m.u.

13/44

252Cf and 233Th ternary fission

o 4

1

7 FA1

FA2

CFDCU DU

Anode

Dinode

5

ooHV

62

PMT PA1FA3

FA4

CFD

StopWFD

S1

S2

А1

Catode

o

3

4

PA2

PA3

4

FA6

FA5

S3

S4

Catode

А2

800

900

100

120 252C f(sf)

500

600

700 - CsI - Anode 1 - Anode 2 - Cathode

de, c

hann

el

60

80

Texp.

are

a, a

.u.

100

200

300

400

ampl

itud

20

40

pD

Fast

e

14/440 1 2 3 4 5 60

Time, mks20 40 60 80 100 120

Energy, a.u.

Energy dependence of ternary fission probability for 232Th(n,f)

0,15

0,05

0,10

, b

arn

163,0

163,51,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5

0,00

162,0

162,5

,

TKE

. MeV

2,53,0

%

1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5161,5

0 00,51,01,52,0

, 1

0-1

15/441,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5

0,0

Neutron energy, MeV

Classical spectrometer events classification

1. Target

2. Full absorption

3. Electrodes

4. Gas a-particles

5. Protons

6. Wall effect

n

16/44

Scheme of the IPPE experimental setup

PA lifi TFA i i fil lifiPA – preamplifier, TFA – timing filter amplifier, D – discriminator,SA – spectroscopy amplifier, DLA – delay line amplifier, WFD – waveform digitizer, PC – personal computer.

17/44

Amplitude of anode pulse vs electron drift time

1,000

0,875

0,625

0,750

Po area

0,500 window

,

s

0,250

0,375 Rn area

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000,125

Q h l

18/44

QAMax, channel

α-particle directionality determination

800

1 2

Anode

400

600

A, c

hann

el

QF

QB

QF

Q

200

Q

QBQB

Cathode2,00 2,25 2,50 2,75 3,00

Time, s

Cathode

19/44

α-particle directionality determination

400

H igh dE /dx near the cathode222R n6000

- original spectrumspectrum after regection

Cou

nt

200

300

H igh dE /dx near the anode

4000

5000

Cou

nt

- spectrum after regection

100

H igh dE /dx near the anode

2000

3000

C

100

120

140218P o

0

0

1000

60

80

100

dE

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

Energy, channel

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400

20

40

end

begin

A

A

dxdE

dxdE

enddt

tdQ

begindt

tdQ

G

)(

)(

)()(

20/44

G , a .u .

Particle position and type of particle determination

120 16 13nel)

120 16O(n )13C En=7 1 MeV

100

120 16O(n,)13C, En=7.1 MeVdetector gas Kr(97%)CO2(3%)

cathode

track

Td(

chan

100

120

background

O(n,) C, En=7.1 MeVdetector gas Kr(97%)CO2(3%)

nnel

)

60

80

Td

end

of p

artic

le

60

80

ime

Tr (c

han

20

40

16O(n,)13Ce

of o

rigin

or e

20

40Ris

e t

20 40 60 80 100 120

Anode pulse amplitude (channel)

Drif

t tim

20 40 60 80 100 120

particles


21/44

Energy spectrum of α-particles

8000- GIC mode, background contribution (BC 19%)

6000

7000(1)

GIC mode, background contribution (BC 19%) - TPC mode, rise time suppression (BC 2.5 %) - TPC mode, rise time suppression and

additionally drift time suppression (BC 1.2 %)

5000P

chan

nel

3000

400016O(n,

)13C

(3)

(2)

C

ount

s/c

1000

2000

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

1000

22/44


Evaluations for 16O(n,α) reaction

350

400 -ENDF/B-VI.8 -ENDF/B-VII.0

300 -BROND-2.2 -JENDL-3.3 -CENDL-2.0

b)

200

250

ctio

n (m

b

100

150

Cro

ss s

ec

50

100C

3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,0 7,5 8,0 8,5 9,00

23/44

Neutron Energy (MeV)

Result for 16O(n,α)13C

0,30Convoluted ENDF B VII *1.8

IPPE 2009 Convoluted ENDF B VIIENDF B VII

0,25ENDF B VII Davis

0 15

0,20

on, b

arn

0,10

0,15

oss

sect

io

0,05

Cro

4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,00,00

24/44

, , , , , ,En, MeV

Spectrometer response function for gaseous and solid targets

16001800 Solid target I

N

400600800

1000120014001600

IIIII

VI V

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 1200

200400

150 Gaseous target3

50

100

g1

2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 1200

Anode signal amplitude, channelSolid target:I – 10B(n,α0);

Gaseous target:1 – 10B(n α0);( , 0);

II – 10B(n,α1); III – 10B(n,t);VI – 7Li;

1 – B(n,α0);2 - 10B(n,α1); 3 - 10B(n,t)

25/44

V – 7Li+α

Result for 10B(n,2α)t reaction

26/44

Result for (n,a) reaction cross section for light elements

New data for:

1) 10B( t)1) 10B(n,t),

2) 10B(n, α0)/10B(n, α1),

3) 12C(n α)3) 12C(n,α),

4) 14N(n,α0), 14N(n,α1), 14N(n,α2),

5) 14N(n t )5) N(n,t0),

6) 16O(n,α0),

7) 19F(n α)7) F(n,α),

8) 20Ne(n,α0), 20Ne(n,α1), 20Ne(n,α2), 20Ne(n,α3),

9) 36Ar(n,α0), 36Ar(n,α1), 36Ar(n,α2), ) ( , 0), ( , 1), ( , 2),

10) 40Ar(n,α0)

was measured

27/44

Some of structural material isotopes properties

Isotope Natural abundance, % (n,α) reaction Q-value, MeV

50Cr, T1/2>1,8*1017 y, EC 4,345 +0,3213

52Cr, stable 83,489 -1,209753Cr, stable 9,501 +1,790354Cr, stable 2,365 - 1,5466

Isotope Residual nuclear Stability Isotope Residual nuclear StabilityCr Fe

50Cr 47Ti Stable52Cr 49Ti Stable53Cr 50Ti Stable

54Fe 51Cr T1/2=27,7 d, ec56Fe 53Cr Stable57Fe 54Cr Stable

54Cr 51Ti T1/2=5,76 min 58Fe 55Cr T1/2=3,55 min

Isotope Residual nuclear Stability

Ni

58Ni 55Fe T1/2=2,7 y, ec60Ni 57Fe Stable61Ni 58Fe Stable62Ni 59F T 44 5 d

28/44

62Ni 59Fe T1/2=44,5 d

Present status of experimental data and evaluation for chromium isotopes

29/44

Motivations for removing solid target from cathode surface

1) Target surface 10 times less then cathode surface; Probability of gaseous particle absorption is proportional to the surface area.

2) Target material – gold. Low probability for charge particle

30/44

2) Target material gold. Low probability for charge particle emission;

New chamber design

o

3

6

7 6

5 1

7

HV

1

6

4

8

8oo

2

8

2

1) Cr target;2) 238U target; 5. Frisch grid;2) 238U target;3) Anode; 4) Anode signal connector;

g ;6. Guard electrodes;7. Resistor.8. Golden threads

31/44

8. Golden threads

Background (neutron beam off)

120

100l

60

80

e, c

hann

el

C th dC th d

40Drif

t tim

e CathodeCathode

Cr targetCr target

20 GasGas

20 40 60 80 100 120

Anode pulse amplitude, channel

32/44

p p

Own α - activity of the detector

N

250300350400

Target 0,0043 Bk

E=4,8 Mev

050

100150200250

20

25

30Cathode 0,0011 Bk

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

0

5

10

15

10121416

Working gas0,00025 Bk

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

02468

33/44

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Anode pulse amplitude, channel

Drift time selection for -particles only

80

50

60

70

nel

30

40

50

rift t

ime,

cha

nn

10

20

Dr

50 55 60 65 70Anode pulse amplitude, channel

34/44

Result for 54Fe(n,α)51Cr reaction cross section

45

50 JENDL - 4.0 JEFF - 3.1A

35

40

45 BROND - 3A EAF - 2010 ADL - 3ENDF/B VII 1

25

30

35 ENDF/B VII.1 A.Paulsen(79) IPPE 2015 J.W.Meadows(91)on

, mb

15

20

25 W.Mannhart(07) Y.M.Gledenov(97) S.K.Saraf(91)LuHan-Lin(89)C

ross

sec

ti

5

10

15 LuHan-Lin(89) Y.Ikeda(88) FanPeiguo(85)

C

4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,0 7,5 8,0 8,5 9,00

5

35/44

Neutron energy, MeV

Result for 50Cr

0 0200,020n 0,015

ctio

n, b

arn

ENDF/B VII.1JENDL 4 0

0,010

Cro

ss s

ec

JENDL - 4.0 JEFF - 3.1A BROND - 3AEAF - 2010

0,005

C EAF 2010 IPPE 2011 Matsuyama JENDL - 3.3

5 6 7 80,000

36/44

Neutron energy, MeV

Result for 52Cr(n,α)49Ti reaction cross section

0.004

ENDF/B VII.1

52Cr(n,)

0.003

JEFF - 3.1A JENDL - 4.0 BROND - 3AEAF 2010n

0.002

EAF - 2010 IPPE 2014

ctio

n, b

arn

0.002

Cro

ss se

c

0.001

6.50 6.75 7.00 7.25 7.500.000

Neutronenergy MeV

37/44

Neutron energy, MeV

Result for 64Zn(n,α) and 60Ni (n,α) reaction cross section

0 0890

ENDF/B VII. 1 JENDL 4.0

0,06

0,08

barn 60

6570758085

JENDL 4.0 JEFF 3.1.2 ROSFOND 2010 IPPE, 2014 Kneff D.W.,1986 Dolya G.P., 1975 Haight R.C., 1996Fischer R 1984ar

n

0,04 ENDF/B VII JENDL 4. GuohuiZhang, 2007 GuohuiZhang, 2008J L Casanova 1976C

ross

sec

tion,

b

303540455055

Fischer R., 1984 Grimes S.M., 1979

ross

sec

tion,

ba

2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 00,00

0,02J.L.Casanova, 1976 JingYuan, 2003 IPPE, 2014

C

05

10152025C

2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,0 7,5 8,0

Neutron energy, MeV4 6 8 10 12 14

Neutron energy, MeV

38/44

Result for (n,a) reaction cross section for light elements

New data for:

1) 50Cr(n, α),

2) 52Cr(n, α),

3) 53Cr(n, α),

4) 54Fe(n, α),

5) 57Fe(n, α),

6) 60Ni(n, α),

7) 64Zn(n, α),,

was measured

39/44

New 3MV Tandetron 4130 HC accelerator

40/44

Parameters of the Tandem accelerator 3MV Tandetron 4130 HC

Voltage 0,2 -3,3 MVVoltage stability ± 300 Vg yVacuum 4 x 10 -7 Torr (oil free)Pulse regime (hydrogen):Ion energy - 0,5 - 4 MeV;P l idth 2Pulse width - 2 ns;Pulse rate - 125 kHz - 4 MHzAverage current: - 4,8 μA (4 MHz)

Ion Current, μA Max. energy, MeV Ion Current, μA Max. energy, MeV

1H(+) 20 6 31P(3+) 20 12

2D(+) 15 6 28Si(3+) 48 12

4Не(2+) 4 9 58Ni(3+) 20 127Li(2+) 2 9 56Fe(3+) 2 12

11В(3+) 12 12 63Cu(2+) 8 9

12С(3+) 40 12 75As(2+) 5 9

16О(3+) 40 12 197Au(2+) 20 9

41/44

Expected neutron flux

10710

m2 s)

106

Y, n

/(cm

7Li(p,n)7Be d(D,n)3He

105

104

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Neutron energy, MeV

Current 20 μA Target thickness – 2 mg Distance from neutron target – 10 cm

42/44

Current 20 μA. Target thickness 2 mg. Distance from neutron target 10 cm.

Plane of future investigations.

Experiments with gaseous targets (16O(n,α), 14N(n,α), 14N(n,t) и 10B(n,α)) forp g g ( ( , ), ( , ), ( , ) ( , ))

neutron energy range from threshold to 9 MeV.

Prompt neutron spectra for 235U fission by thermal neutrons (fully digitalp p y ( y g

experiment).

(n,α) reaction cross section for structural material nuclear (up to 9 MeV).

Benchmarks. Liking neutron spectra from sphere for californium source and 14

MeV source.

Fission fragment yield for fast neutrons.

Ternary fission by fast neutron.

Study of delay neutrons. Spectra. Yield. Timing parameters.

Elastic and inelastic neutron scattering cross section for structural materials.

43/44

Th k f tt ti !Thank you for attention !

44/44

the status and prospects of nuclear physics research at...

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