The structure of argument

What we do when we discuss

The cycle in writing and speaking

•You can use the argument cycle as a guide to structuring persuasive or discursive writing.

•Often, learners adopt a 'one point for, one point against' approach, with no linkage between the different sections of the argument. This can make the essay or speech seem disjointed and random.

•The cycle demands that you develop your argument in a sophisticated way.

Looting with the lights on•Read 'Looting with the Lights on' by

Naomi Klein (The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/aug/17/looing-with-lights-off ).

•Look at how the writer structures her arguments.

•Can you see a cycle in the article?

Looting with the lights on by Naomi Klein

Conclusion - Re-proposing• When you have been through the cycle, you may

come to a conclusion that re-proposes the original idea in a different form or in a way that takes into account the problems you noted/discovered.

• Alternatively, the cycle may bring you to the conclusion that the original idea was mistaken or even that the opposite of the original idea is true.

• It is perfectly acceptable to have changed your own mind as you’ve researched and written about your topic.

Author's intention•Naomi Klein does not work out her ideas

as she is writing: she knows before she starts writing that she wants to come to the conclusion that the riots in England were politically motivated.

•Why does she then start off apparently agreeing with the alternative point of view?