The structure that we use to The structure that we use to stress the top of something stress the top of something

is called the superlatives is called the superlatives which means there is which means there is

nothing ahead of that thing.nothing ahead of that thing.

In grammatical structure we In grammatical structure we define the top level of define the top level of

something the adjectives or something the adjectives or adverbs with -est or with adverbs with -est or with most if the adjective or most if the adjective or

adverb is more than two adverb is more than two syllables.syllables.

E.g:E.g:pretty-prettiestpretty-prettiest big-biggestbig-biggest

clever-cleverestclever-cleverest

expensive-the-most expensiveexpensive-the-most expensive

frequent-the-most frequentfrequent-the-most frequent

pleased-the most pleasedpleased-the most pleased

In other cases in which the In other cases in which the adverb and adjective type is adverb and adjective type is the same their new form will the same their new form will

again be the same as again be the same as follows:follows:

Hard-HardestHard-HardestFast-fastestFast-fastestLate-LatestLate-Latest

Early-EarliestEarly-EarliestThe adjective and adverb The adjective and adverb forms are the same for forms are the same for those words but their those words but their

superlative form will not superlative form will not change.change.

In building up a sentence with a superlative we do In building up a sentence with a superlative we do this as follows:this as follows:

Subject To be thesuperlative

form Noun

The group which is at

the top

Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

The sun is the brightest star in the sky.

Naval transport

is the cheapest method is the of all.

Note:Late is an exception Note:Late is an exception that it has two types of its that it has two types of its

own superlative form own superlative form 1-Late-Latest1-Late-Latest2-Late-Last2-Late-Last

If the meaning to say in the If the meaning to say in the last time in other words last time in other words

recently/lately, it should be recently/lately, it should be formed as late-latest and an formed as late-latest and an

example will follow.example will follow.

I usually get up late.My son I usually get up late.My son gets up later than me and gets up later than me and my husband gets up my husband gets up the the

latest. latest. (adverb)(adverb)

The latestThe latest train we can get train we can get direct to there will be here.direct to there will be here.

The latest also means up-to-The latest also means up-to-date and the structure does date and the structure does

not change. not change. E.g:Have you read his latest E.g:Have you read his latest

book? book?

Latter is only used as an Latter is only used as an adjective and it is used for adjective and it is used for

two things which comes one two things which comes one after another and it means after another and it means

the latest of the second the latest of the second thing. The first of two things thing. The first of two things

is used with formeris used with former

Clarifying: Clarifying: There are two There are two films on at the same time. films on at the same time.

One is a thriller and the One is a thriller and the other is a romance.other is a romance.

-I’d prefer to watch the -I’d prefer to watch the latterlatter. I’d find the . I’d find the formerformer

too nerve-rackingtoo nerve-racking

In the last page’s example In the last page’s example when we say the latter we when we say the latter we mean to say the romance mean to say the romance film and with former we film and with former we

mean to say thriller.mean to say thriller.

Another meaning of former Another meaning of former is old. (In former times). is old. (In former times).

Former here is not Former here is not comperative itself.However comperative itself.However

formerly is used as an formerly is used as an adverb which means in the adverb which means in the

past.past.I I formerlyformerly worked as a worked as a

secretarysecretary

Last can be used as both Last can be used as both adverb and adjective and it adverb and adjective and it

is opposite of first.is opposite of first.I I firstfirst went to Germany in went to Germany in

1973,and 1973,and lastlast went there in went there in 1986(adverb)1986(adverb)

I will be I will be the lastthe last person to person to leave the office. Who will be leave the office. Who will be

the firstthe first? (adjective)? (adjective)

Irregular adverbs and Irregular adverbs and adjectives can be formed as adjectives can be formed as

follows:follows:good/better/the bestgood/better/the bestbad/worse/the worstbad/worse/the worst

far/further/the furthest or far/further/the furthest or the farthestthe farthest

much/more/the mostmuch/more/the mostlittle/less/the leastlittle/less/the least

In all superlatives to signify its In all superlatives to signify its high or top level each structure of high or top level each structure of adverb or adjective is added “the” adverb or adjective is added “the” in front of them. We normally use in front of them. We normally use

the but when we use the but when we use his,my,this,that we should not use his,my,this,that we should not use

the.the.His His bestbest book is his latest book is his latest

She is She is the mostthe most hardworking hardworking student in the classroom.student in the classroom.

Istanbul is Istanbul is the biggestthe biggest city in city in Turkey.Turkey.

Our apartment is Our apartment is the tallestthe tallest of all. of all.

She has She has the mostthe most money among money among us.us.

Note: Note: If we do not signify If we do not signify most with the, most this most with the, most this

time means verytime means very

1-He is the most intelligent 1-He is the most intelligent in the worldin the world

2-He is most intelligent2-He is most intelligent

In In the formerthe former example we example we meant the most as meant the most as

superlative and in superlative and in the latterthe latter we meant with most as we meant with most as

“very”“very”

By the way we can use By the way we can use more,most and least to signify more,most and least to signify

the verbs.the verbs.1- I 1- I moremore prefer coffee to tea prefer coffee to tea

2- She 2- She mostmost fears that she may fears that she may lose her joblose her job

3- She usually comes when I 3- She usually comes when I leastleast need her and doesn’t need her and doesn’t

when I need when I need most most

We can also signify the We can also signify the verbs like, enjoy with a verbs like, enjoy with a

superlativesuperlative-Of all singers I like Sezen -Of all singers I like Sezen

Aksu Aksu best.best.But we cannot use dread But we cannot use dread

and hate with best to signify and hate with best to signify unpleasure.unpleasure.

The difference between The difference between oldest and eldest is that,if oldest and eldest is that,if we define the person or we define the person or something which is older something which is older

than one else we use oldest than one else we use oldest and if we define the family and if we define the family member who is older than member who is older than

others we use eldest.others we use eldest.

Who is Who is the oldestthe oldest in this classroom? in this classroom? The oldestThe oldest representative came from representative came from

ChinaChina

My My eldesteldest uncle is lawyer uncle is lawyer My My eldesteldest brother is getting married brother is getting married

next weeknext week

John Paul Getty, reputed to have been John Paul Getty, reputed to have been the richest man in the world, once the richest man in the world, once bought some goods bought some goods the most the most expensiveexpensive shop of London called shop of London called Neiman-Marcus store,but refused to Neiman-Marcus store,but refused to pay pay the most expensivethe most expensive goods for full goods for full price. When refused to pay price. When refused to pay mostmost the the police arrived because he was police arrived because he was arrested for asking discount but this arrested for asking discount but this was wrong for that day because he was wrong for that day because he was thought mad when it is seen was thought mad when it is seen ““Today everything is free of chargeToday everything is free of charge””

In superlatives we form the little as the In superlatives we form the little as the leastleast

and few as the fewest. We use little for and few as the fewest. We use little for uncountables and fewest for uncountables and fewest for countables.countables.

Of all my students, Filiz made the Of all my students, Filiz made the fewest mistakes in the examfewest mistakes in the exam

The least of the water is in ArabiaThe least of the water is in Arabia

In superlatives we can combine In superlatives we can combine negative forms as well.negative forms as well.

Wasn’t the Empire State building Wasn’t the Empire State building the the tallesttallest building in the world once? building in the world once?

On the other hand to make the On the other hand to make the meaning negative we use leastmeaning negative we use least

This was This was the leastthe least exciting day in my exciting day in my life. life.

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