the student will analyze the colonial period of georgia’s...
TRANSCRIPT
Georgia’s
Colonization
GPS Standard SS8H2:
The student will analyze the colonial
period of Georgia’s history
SS8H2
Element a.
Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the
Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement (charity,
economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary
Musgrove, and the city of Savannah.
Element b.
Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia's colonial
history, emphasizing the role of the Salzburgers,
Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish
threat from Florida.
Find the major verbs and nouns
and label them on your
“T” Chart.
• Importance of:
1. James Oglethorpe
2. Charter of 1732
3. Reasons for Settlement
4. Tomochichi
5. Mary Musgrove
6. City of Savannah
•The Trustee Period, emphasizing:
7. Salzburgers
8. Highland Scots
9. Malcontents
10.Spanish threat from Florida
•Explain
•Evaluate
Nouns Verbs
Unit 2: Exploration and GA Colonization
Lesson 2: Georgia as a Trustee Colony
Term (Noun) Definition/Identification Why was _____ important to the colonization
and development of Georgia?
• Importance of:
1. James Oglethorpe
2. Charter of 1732
3. Tomochichi
4. Mary Musgrove
5. City of Savannah
• The Trustee Period, emphasizing:
6. Salzburgers
7. Highland Scots
8. Malcontents
9. Spanish Threat from Florida
•Explain
•Evaluate
Nouns Verbs
Term (Noun) Definition/Identification What impact did the _____ have on the Trustee
Period of Georgia’s colonization?
1. James Oglethorpe
2. Charter of 1732
3. Reasons for Settlement
4. Tomochichi
5. Mary Musgrove
6. City of Savannah
6. Salzburgers
7. Highland Scots
8. Malcontents
9. Spanish Threat from
Florida
Background (Do not write) British had claimed the land in GA in 1663.
In 1717, Britain finally makes plans to settle GA.
Sir Robert Montgomery wanted to create a paradise colony called “Margravate of Azilia,” which would grow several crops (coffee, tea, currants, olives, rice, almonds, and silk).
Montgomery planned to give land gold, silver, and other precious stones to those who moved to this “paradise.”
Montgomery’s plans, as well as other plans, to settle GA were not successful.
In the late 1720s, James Oglethorpe began to talk about a colony for the “working poor.”
James Edward Oglethorpe
Born in London in 1696.
Came from an educated and wealthy family.
In 1722, he became a member of Parliament’s House of Commons.
Studied prison reform.
Wanted to help people worked to improve prison conditions and let
thousands go free.
Worked on a plan with 19 other people that promised a fresh start for the “unfortunate but worthy individuals.”
Oglethorpe
In 1730, Oglethorpe and 21 men asked King George II for land “southwest of Carolina for settling poor persons of London.”
British colonies had two main reasons:
1. to have a balanced trading policy.
2. protect/defend against the French, Spanish, and Native Americans.
The trustees agreed to: The colonists agreed to:
Transport colonists to the new colony
Provide fifty acres of land
Provide tools
Provide enough food for one year
If they could pay their own way, colonists would get five hundred acres of land and permission to take ten indentured servants
Defend the new colony against enemies
Not sell or borrow money on land given to them, but could pass on land to heirs
Receive seeds and agricultural tools and use them in cultivating the lands of the new settlement
Use a portion of their land to grow mulberry trees so that silkworms would eat the leaves and eventually produce silk
Obey all regulations established by the trustees
“Promises”
Do you think the promises were a fair
exchange? Why or why not?
Which promise(s) do you think could cause
problems?
Would you have signed the agreement?
K-W-L
Georgia’s Colonization
Know Want to Know Learned
Four reasons for establishment of a
colony (territories inhabited by some of its people and under it’s control)
A. Personal
B. Religion
C. Business/Economic
D. Political
Mercantile System of Trade
For mercantilism to work, a
country must be self sufficient.
England did not have the
resources to be self sufficient.
For mercantilism to work England
needed to find new resources for
needed goods and raw materials.
Mercantile System of Trade
North America held the most
promise for a new source of raw
materials.
The colonies would also be a
valuable market for English goods
Mercantilism
America exported raw materials to
England
England exported manufactured
goods back to the Colonies.
Mercantilism (cont)
Raw materials- exported by colonies
to England. Fish, whale oil, furs,
lumber, rum, corn, iron, wheat,
tobacco, hides, indigo, naval stores.
Manufactured goods- Imported by
colonies from England. Cloth, glass,
tools, china, furniture, firearms, wine
sugar, tea.
Reasons for settling the Georgia
Colony
A. Charity- to give released debtors and other
“worthy poor” a new start in life.
B. Economic- to strengthen the economy through
the mercantile system
C. Defense “buffer zone” between South Carolina
and Spanish in Fla. and also to protect against
Indian attacks.
Georgia Becomes a Colony
James Edward
Oglethorpe and 20
other influential men in
Great Britain made a
plan to create a colony
for the working poor.
They envisioned a
colony for people who
faced jail time for bad
debts.
Georgia Becomes a Colony
(cont)
In 1732, King George II created a charter allowing 21 Trustees, including Oglethorpe, to create a Georgia colony and oversee it for 21 years. It included the land between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers and extended west to the Pacific Ocean.
Trustees – people who hold responsibility on
behalf of others.
Charter – a legal document that grants special
rights and privileges.
I. The Anne arrived February 12, 1733
II. The voyage was fairly easy-two people
died, both were infants.
III. Oglethorpe chose a site 18 miles up the
Savannah River.
The First Georgia Colonists
Few debtors, former prisoners, or
working poor ever made it to
Georgia during its early settlement.
Georgia’s first settlers were given
land, tools, and food. They
promised to defend the colony
from invaders and to grow trees
that would attract silk worms.
Between 114 and 125 settlers sailed form
England on the ship Ann in 1732.
Oglethorpe befriended Tomochichi, chief
of the Yamacraw Indians.
Tomochichi led the settlers to Yamacraw
Bluff overlooking the Savannah River.
This became the first settlement of the
new Georgia colony.
Tomochichi
Chief of the Yamacraw Indians.
Important role in creating peace between Europeans and Native Americans.
Helped Native Americans peacefully negotiate.
Became good friends with Oglethorpe.
Died in 1739.
Tomochichi
Mary Musgrove
Daughter of an English trader and a Creek Indian.
Helped maintain peace between Native Americans and GA colonists (British).
Was an interpreter for Oglethorpe.
Savannah: Georgia’s Planned City Oglethorpe, surveyor Noble Jones, and Colonel
William Bell designed the city of Savannah and built along the Savannah River to facilitate shipping.
The streets formed several squares that were divided into blocks (called “tythings”) and wards. The center of each square was for social, political, and religious gatherings.
All but three of Oglethorpe's original squares exist in Savannah today.
Today, nearly 150,000 people live in Savannah. Click to return to the Table of Contents
B. Each settler (male adult) received
1. house lot
2. 5 acres on the edge of town for
personal garden
3. 45 acres of land outside of town for
large scale farming.
New Colonists Arrive in Georgia
Catholics were not allowed to settle in Georgia under the charter signed by King George II. They were not allowed until after the American Revolution.
Forty original settlers died in the first year. In 1733, 42 Jews were allowed to settle in Georgia, including a much-needed doctor.
In 1733, a group of German protestants from Salzburg arrived, and settled a town called Ebenezer, about 25 miles from Savannah. Three years later they moved to Red Bluff and settled New Ebenezer.
Oglethorpe and Chief Tomochichi returned from a trip to England in 1736 with 300 more settlers, including German protestants from Salzburg and Saxony. Religious leaders John and Charles Wesley also arrived in Georgia.
Georgia’s Colonists Become Discontent
Regulations enforced by Oglethorpe did not allow
rum trade, buying large tracts of land, or use of
slave labor.
South Carolina used slave labor to successfully
grow rice, tobacco, and cotton on large plantations.
Farmers in Georgia wanted the same “success”
that South Carolina farmers had.
Many Georgians moved to places in the colony
where they basically could live as they wished.
By 1742, Georgians were allowed to buy and sell
rum. Slavery was introduced in 1750. The colony
named for King George II was changing.
The War Against Spain
The War of Jenkin’s Ear broke out between Great
Britain and Spain in 1739. Oglethorpe organized an
army of about 2,000 men with plans to capture
Spanish forts in Florida. Spain responded and forced
the Georgians, South Carolinians, and their Indian
allies to retreat to St. Simon’s Island.
The Battle of Bloody Marsh in 1742 caused the
Spanish to flee Georgia, marking the end to Spanish
threats. Georgia’s southern border was protected.
Oglethorpe left the Georgia colony for England in
1743 and never returned.
The Post-Oglethorpe Era Begins
Three different men served as president of the Georgia
colony from the time Oglethorpe left the colony until 1754:
William Stephens, Henry Parker, and Patrick Graham.
In 1752, one year before the initial 21-year charter was to
expire, the trustees returned Georgia to the authority of
King Georgia II.
In its first 20 years as a colony, Georgia’s population grew
to 5,500 people, of which one-third were slaves.
Protestants from Europe found safe haven in Georgia.
Treaties with Native Americans and victory over the
Spanish settlers in Florida provided security to the Georgia
colonists.
Battle for the New World b/w
Spain, France, and England
Spain became rich and powerful b/c of the
gold
England and France tried to gain a share of
the treasures
Spain and England had a war at sea.
The English captured Spanish treasure ships
and burn settlements.
Spain used a huge fleet of ships called the
“Invincible Armada” to destroy English ships.
England won!
England gained control of the seas
and claimed the New World.
The 1st permanent English settlement
was Jamestown, Virginia and they
established 12 colonies along the
Atlantic coastline.
1st British fort established was Fort
King George.
Early Georgia Colony Accomplishments
The Bethesda Orphans Home was established in
Ebenezer.
The orphanage later became Bethesda House
School, where many of Georgia’s early leaders
were educated.
The Methodist Church was founded by John and
Charles Wesley.
The first Sunday School in America is established
by the Wesley brothers.
A successful court system was established and
maintained.
Women were able to inherit property.
Click to return to the Table of Contents
The End of the Trustee
Colony
Oglethorpe remained on the board of trustees until 1750.
In 1752, the British Government did not renew funding for the colony. Trustees turned over
power to the British Crown
GA became a royal colony
Royal Georgia
The Trustee period was officially over in 1752.
However, GA did not get its first governor (John Reynolds) until 1754.
The Crown of England now oversaw the control of GA.
GA does very well as a royal colony (exports rice, indigo, deerskins, lumber, beef, and pork).
Royal Colony Questions
1. (p. 142) What is the difference between a proprietary colony and a royal colony?
2. (p. 142) How was Governor Reynolds’ idea of governing different than the trustees? Want did the trustees not allow the colonists to do?
3. (p. 142) Describe the new government of GA.
Land Grants
Settlers who came to the colony by way of the
Trust’s charity were limited to 50 acres of land.
People who paid their way could have up to 500
acres.
They had to have at least one family member or one
servant for every 50 acres (rule helped ensure that
enough men were available to defend the colony).
Only men could own land
Settlers began to protest because they wanted their
wives or daughters to be able to inherit their land.
Slavery During the Trustee period, Georgia’s
laws prohibited slavery.
In 1750, the slavery ban was lifted.
After the slave ban was lifted, life changed in the colony.
Slavery changed the economy of the region, plantations grew larger as thousands of slaves were brought to GA.
Between 1750 and 1775, the number of African slaves in GA increased from 500 to 18,000.
Slavery (cont.)
African slaves had no rights.
Slaves:
Could not marry
Could not live where they wanted
Could not learn to read
Lived and worked in harsh conditions
Punishment included whippings, beatings, separation from friends and families, and death.
Slavery
Transportation Ships
The Middle Passage
The Middle Passage
Restraint and Punishment
Punishment